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ranked along with the Girondists; is a Catholic and confirmed

Gallican。



'59'  Schmidt; I。 347 (Dutard; May 30)。 〃What do I now behold? A

discontented people hating the Convention; all its administrators; and

the actual state of things generally。〃



'60' Schmidt; I。 278。 (Dutard; May 23)。



'61' Schmidt; I。 216 (Dutard; May 13)。



'62' Schmidt; I。 240 (Dutard; May 17)。



'63' Schmidt; I。 217 (Dutard; May 13)。



'64' Schmidt; I。 163 (Dutard; April 30)。



'65' Schmidt; II。 377 (Dutard; June 13)。 Cf。 Ibid。; II。 80。 (Dutard;

June 21):   〃If the guillotining of the Thirty…Two were subject to a

roll call; and the vote a secret one I declare to you no respectable

man would fail to hasten in from the country to give his vote and that

none of those now in Paris would fail to betake themselves to their

section。〃



'66' Schmidt; II。 35 (Dutard; June 13)。 On the sense of these two

words;  inferior aristocracy;  Cf。 All of Dutard's reports and those

of other observers in the employ of Garat。



'67'  Schmidt; II。 37 (Dutard; June 13)。



'68' Schmidt; I。 328 (Perrière; May 28): 〃Intelligent men and

property…owners abandoned the section assemblies and handed them to

others as these were places where the workman's fist prevailed against

the speaker's tongue。〃 … Moniteur。  XV。 114 (session of Jan。 11;

speech by Buzot)。 〃There is not a man in this town who owns anything;

that is not afraid of being insulted and struck in his section if he

dares raise his voice against the ruling power。 。 。 The permanent

assemblies of Paris consist of a small number of men who have

succeeded in keeping other citizens away。〃 … Schmidt; I。 235 (Dutard;

May 28): 〃Another plan would be to drill young men in the use of the

staff。 One must be a sans…culotte;  must live with sans…culottes;  to

discover the value of expedients of this kind。 There is nothing the

sans…culotte  fears as much as a truncheon。 A number of young men

lately carried them in their trousers; and everybody trembled as they

passed。 I wished that the fashion were general。〃



'69' Moniteur; XV。 95  (Letter of Charles Villette; deputy)。



'70' Moniteur; XV。 179 (Letter of Roland; Jan。 11。 1793)。



'71' Moniteur; XV。 66; session of Jan。 5; speech of the mayor of

Paris; (Chambon) … Ib。; XV 114; session of Jan。 14; speech by Buzot; …

… Ib。; XV。 136; session of Jan。 13。 Speech by a deputation of

Federates。 … Buchez et Roux; XXVIII。 91 (Letter of Gadolle to Roland;

October; 1792)。  XXI。 417 (Dec。 20; article by Marat): 〃 Boredom and

disgust have emptied the assemblies。   Schmidt; II; 69 (Dutard; June

18)。



'72' Schmidt; I。 203。 (Dutard; May 10)。 The engravings published

during the early period of the Revolution and under the directory

exhibit this scene perfectly (cabinet des estampes; Paris)。



'73' Moniteur;  XV。 67 (session of Jan。 5; 1793)。 Speech by the mayor

of Paris。



'74' Schmidt; I。 378 (Blanc; June 12)。



'75'  Schmidt; II。 5 (Dutard; June 5)。



'76' Schmidt; II。 (Dutard; June 11)  Ibid。; II。 (Dutard; June i8):

〃I should like to visit with you;〃 if it were possible; 〃the 3;000 or

4;000 wine…dealers; and the equally numerous places of refreshment in

Paris; you would find the 15;000 clerks they employ constantly busy。

If we should then go to the offices of the 114 notaries; we should

again find two…thirds of these gentlemen in their caps and red

slippers; also very much engaged。 We might then; again; go to the 200

or 300 printing establishments; where we should find 4;000 or 5;000

editors; compositors; clerks; and porters all conservatized because

they no longer earn what they did before; and some because they have

made a fortune。〃  The incompatibility between modern life and direct

democratic rule strikes one at every step; owing to modern life being

carried out under other conditions than those which characterized life

in ancient times。 For modern life these conditions are; the magnitude

of States; the division of labor; the suppression of slavery and the

requirements of personal comforts and prosperity。 Neither the

Girondists nor the Montagnards; who aimed to revive Athenian and

Spartan ways; comprehended the precisely opposite conditions on which

Athens and Sparta flourished。



'77' Schmidt; I。 207 (Dutard; May 10)。



'78' Schmidt; II。 79 (Dutard; June 19)。



'79' Schmidt; II。70 (Dutard; June 10)。



'80'  Lenin must have felt encouraged by reading these lines which can

only have increase his disdain for the 〃capitalist〃 and bourgeoisie。

(SR)。



'81' Mortimer…Ternaux; V。 101。



'82' Meillan; 54。  Raffet; Henriot's competitor and denounced as an

aristocrat; had at first the most votes; 4;953 against 4;578。  At the

last ballot; out of about 15;000 he still has 5;900 against 9;087 for

Henriot。  Mortimer…Ternaux; VIII。 31: 〃The electors had to vote

thirty at a time。 All who dared give their votes to Raffet were marked

with a red cross on the roll…call; followed by the epithet of anti…

revolutionary。〃



'83' Schmidt; II。 37 (Dutard; June 13): 〃Marat and others have a party

of from 4;000 to 6;000 men; who would do anything to rescue them。〃 

Meillan; 155 (depositions taken by the Commission of the Twelve):

Laforet has stated that there were 6;000 sans…culottes to massacre

objectionable deputies at the first signal。  Schmidt; II; 87

(Dutard; June 24): 〃I know that there are not in all Paris 3;000

decided revolutionaries。〃



'84' Moniteur;  XV。 114; session of Jan。 11; speech by Buzot。 

Ibid。; 136; session of Jan。 13; speech of the Federates of Finisterre。

… Buchez et Roux; XXVIII。 80; 81; 87; 91; 93 (Letter of Gadolle to

Roland; October 1792)。 … Schmidt; I。 207 (Dutard; May 10; 1793)。



'85' Schmidt; II。 37 (Dutard; May 10; 1793)。



'86' Mortimer…Ternaux; IV。 269 (petition presented by Gonchon。) …

〃Archives Nationales; AF; II 43。 Letters of Gonchon to the Minister

Garat; May 31; June 1; June 3; 1793)。 These are very odd and naive。 He

addresses the Minister Garat: 〃Citizen Garra。〃



'87' Schmidt; I; 254 (Dutard; May 19)。 … Moniteur; XIV。 522 (Letter

addressed to Roland number for Nov。 21; 1792): 〃The sections (are)

composed of; or at least frequented; nineteen…twentieth of them; by

the lowest class; both in manners and information。〃



'88' Schmidt; II。 39 (Dutard; June 13)。



'89' Schmidt; II。87 (Dutard; June 14)。 The expression of these fish…

women is still coarser。



'90' Rétif de la Bretonne (〃Bibliographie de ses oeuvres; par Jacob;

287)。  (On the pillage of shops; Feb。25 and 26; 1793)。



'91' Schmidt; II。 61; I。 265 (Dutard; May 21 and June 17)。



'92' Schmidt; I。96 (Letter of citizen Lauchou to the president of the

Convention; Oct。 11; 1792)。 … II。 37 (Dutard; June 13)。 Statement of a

wigmaker's wife: 〃They are a vile set; the servants。 Some of them come

here every day。 They chatter away and say all sorts of horrible things

about their masters。 They are all just alike。 Nobody is crazier than

they are。 I knew that some of them had received benefits from their

masters; and others who were :still being kindly treated; but nothing

stopped them。〃



'93' Schmidt; I。 246 (Dutard; May 18)。  Grégoire; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。

387。 The mental and moral decline of the party is well shown in the

new composition of the Jacobin Club after September; 1792: 〃I went

back there;〃 says Grégoire in September; 1792 (after a year's

absence); 〃and found it unrecognizable; no opinions could be expressed

there other than those of the Paris section 。 。 。 I did not set foot

there again; (it was) a factious disreputable drinking place。〃 

Buchez et Roux; XXVI。 214 (session of April 30;1793; speech by Buzot)。

〃Behold that once famous club。 But。 thirty of its founders remain

there; you find there none but men steeped in debt and crime。〃



'94' Schmidt; I。 189 (Dutard; May 6)。



'95' Cf。 Rétif de la Bretonne; 〃Nuits de Paris;〃 vol。 XVI。 (July 12;

1789)。 At this date Rétif is in the Palais…Roya1; where 〃since the

13th of June numerous meetings have been held and motions made。 。 。 I

found there none but brutal fellows with keen eyes; preparing

themselves for plunder rather than for liberty。〃



'96' Mortimer…Ternaux; V。226 and following pages (address of the sans…

culottes section; Sept。 25)。  〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 146

(address of the Roule section; Sept。 23)。 In relation to the

threatening tone of those at work on the camp; the petitioners add:

〃Such was the language of the workshops in 1789 and 1790。〃



'97' Schmidt; II。12 (Dutard; June 7): 〃During a few days past I have

seen men from Neuilly; Versailles; and Saint…Germain staying here;

attracted by the scent。〃



'98 Schmidt; I。254  (Dutard; May 19) 。 At this date robbers swarm in

Paris; Mayor Chambon; in his report to the Convention; himself admits

it (Moniteur; XV。 67; session of Jan。 5; 1793)。



'99' De Concourt; 〃La Société Fran?aise pendant 'a Révolution。〃

(According to

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