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de profundis-第4部分

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sorrow of every kind。  I hated both。  I resolved to ignore them as 

far as possible:  to treat them; that is to say; as modes of 

imperfection。  They were not part of my scheme of life。  They had 

no place in my philosophy。  My mother; who knew life as a whole; 

used often to quote to me Goethe's lines … written by Carlyle in a 

book he had given her years ago; and translated by him; I fancy; 

also:…





'Who never ate his bread in sorrow;

Who never spent the midnight hours

Weeping and waiting for the morrow; …

He knows you not; ye heavenly powers。'





They were the lines which that noble Queen of Prussia; whom 

Napoleon treated with such coarse brutality; used to quote in her 

humiliation and exile; they were the lines my mother often quoted 

in the troubles of her later life。  I absolutely declined to accept 

or admit the enormous truth hidden in them。  I could not understand 

it。  I remember quite well how I used to tell her that I did not 

want to eat my bread in sorrow; or to pass any night weeping and 

watching for a more bitter dawn。



I had no idea that it was one of the special things that the Fates 

had in store for me:  that for a whole year of my life; indeed; I 

was to do little else。  But so has my portion been meted out to me; 

and during the last few months I have; after terrible difficulties 

and struggles; been able to comprehend some of the lessons hidden 

in the heart of pain。  Clergymen and people who use phrases without 

wisdom sometimes talk of suffering as a mystery。  It is really a 

revelation。  One discerns things one never discerned before。  One 

approaches the whole of history from a different standpoint。  What 

one had felt dimly; through instinct; about art; is intellectually 

and emotionally realised with perfect clearness of vision and 

absolute intensity of apprehension。



I now see that sorrow; being the supreme emotion of which man is 

capable; is at once the type and test of all great art。  What the 

artist is always looking for is the mode of existence in which soul 

and body are one and indivisible:  in which the outward is 

expressive of the inward:  in which form reveals。  Of such modes of 

existence there are not a few:  youth and the arts preoccupied with 

youth may serve as a model for us at one moment:  at another we may 

like to think that; in its subtlety and sensitiveness of 

impression; its suggestion of a spirit dwelling in external things 

and making its raiment of earth and air; of mist and city alike; 

and in its morbid sympathy of its moods; and tones; and colours; 

modern landscape art is realising for us pictorially what was 

realised in such plastic perfection by the Greeks。  Music; in which 

all subject is absorbed in expression and cannot be separated from 

it; is a complex example; and a flower or a child a simple example; 

of what I mean; but sorrow is the ultimate type both in life and 

art。



Behind joy and laughter there may be a temperament; coarse; hard 

and callous。  But behind sorrow there is always sorrow。  Pain; 

unlike pleasure; wears no mask。  Truth in art is not any 

correspondence between the essential idea and the accidental 

existence; it is not the resemblance of shape to shadow; or of the 

form mirrored in the crystal to the form itself; it is no echo 

coming from a hollow hill; any more than it is a silver well of 

water in the valley that shows the moon to the moon and Narcissus 

to Narcissus。  Truth in art is the unity of a thing with itself:  

the outward rendered expressive of the inward:  the soul made 

incarnate:  the body instinct with spirit。  For this reason there 

is no truth comparable to sorrow。  There are times when sorrow 

seems to me to be the only truth。  Other things may be illusions of 

the eye or the appetite; made to blind the one and cloy the other; 

but out of sorrow have the worlds been built; and at the birth of a 

child or a star there is pain。



More than this; there is about sorrow an intense; an extraordinary 

reality。  I have said of myself that I was one who stood in 

symbolic relations to the art and culture of my age。  There is not 

a single wretched man in this wretched place along with me who does 

not stand in symbolic relation to the very secret of life。  For the 

secret of life is suffering。  It is what is hidden behind 

everything。  When we begin to live; what is sweet is so sweet to 

us; and what is bitter so bitter; that we inevitably direct all our 

desires towards pleasures; and seek not merely for a 'month or 

twain to feed on honeycomb;' but for all our years to taste no 

other food; ignorant all the while that we may really be starving 

the soul。



I remember talking once on this subject to one of the most 

beautiful personalities I have ever known:  a woman; whose sympathy 

and noble kindness to me; both before and since the tragedy of my 

imprisonment; have been beyond power and description; one who has 

really assisted me; though she does not know it; to bear the burden 

of my troubles more than any one else in the whole world has; and 

all through the mere fact of her existence; through her being what 

she is … partly an ideal and partly an influence:  a suggestion of 

what one might become as well as a real help towards becoming it; a 

soul that renders the common air sweet; and makes what is spiritual 

seem as simple and natural as sunlight or the sea:  one for whom 

beauty and sorrow walk hand in hand; and have the same message。  On 

the occasion of which I am thinking I recall distinctly how I said 

to her that there was enough suffering in one narrow London lane to 

show that God did not love man; and that wherever there was any 

sorrow; though but that of a child; in some little garden weeping 

over a fault that it had or had not committed; the whole face of 

creation was completely marred。  I was entirely wrong。  She told me 

so; but I could not believe her。  I was not in the sphere in which 

such belief was to be attained to。  Now it seems to me that love of 

some kind is the only possible explanation of the extraordinary 

amount of suffering that there is in the world。  I cannot conceive 

of any other explanation。  I am convinced that there is no other; 

and that if the world has indeed; as I have said; been built of 

sorrow; it has been built by the hands of love; because in no other 

way could the soul of man; for whom the world was made; reach the 

full stature of its perfection。  Pleasure for the beautiful body; 

but pain for the beautiful soul。



When I say that I am convinced of these things I speak with too 

much pride。  Far off; like a perfect pearl; one can see the city of 

God。  It is so wonderful that it seems as if a child could reach it 

in a summer's day。  And so a child could。  But with me and such as 

me it is different。  One can realise a thing in a single moment; 

but one loses it in the long hours that follow with leaden feet。  

It is so difficult to keep 'heights that the soul is competent to 

gain。'  We think in eternity; but we move slowly through time; and 

how slowly time goes with us who lie in prison I need not tell 

again; nor of the weariness and despair that creep back into one's 

cell; and into the cell of one's heart; with such strange 

insistence that one has; as it were; to garnish and sweep one's 

house for their coming; as for an unwelcome guest; or a bitter 

master; or a slave whose slave it is one's chance or choice to be。



And; though at present my friends may find it a hard thing to 

believe; it is true none the less; that for them living in freedom 

and idleness and comfort it is more easy to learn the lessons of 

humility than it is for me; who begin the day by going down on my 

knees and washing the floor of my cell。  For prison life with its 

endless privations and restrictions makes one rebellious。  The most 

terrible thing about it is not that it breaks one's heart … hearts 

are made to be broken … but that it turns one's heart to stone。  

One sometimes feels that it is only with a front of brass and a lip 

of scorn that one can get through the day at all。  And he who is in 

a state of rebellion cannot receive grace; to use the phrase of 

which the Church is so fond … so rightly fond; I dare say … for in 

life as in art the mood of rebellion closes up the channels of the 

soul; and shuts out the airs of heaven。  Yet I must learn these 

lessons here; if I am to learn them anywhere; and must be filled 

with joy if my feet are on the right road and my face set towards 

'the gate which is called beautiful;' though I may fall many times 

in the mire and often in the mist go astray。



This New Life; as through my love of Dante I like sometimes to call 

it; is of course no new life at all; but simply the continuance; by 

means of development; and evolution; of my former life。  I remember 

when I was at Oxford saying to one of my fr

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