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through his style of painting ears?” 
I  refrained  from  saying;  “He  was  blinded;”  to  keep  Black  from  being 
even more downcast。 Instead; I responded; “He married the shah’s daughter; 
and  this  method;  which  has  been  used  to  identify  miniaturists  ever  since;  is 
known  by  many  khans;  shahs  and  sultans  who  fund  book…arts  workshops  as 
the ”courtesan method。“ Furthermore; it is kept secret so that if one of their 
miniaturists  makes  a  forbidden  figure  or  a  small  design  that  conceals  some 
mischief and later denies having done so; they can quickly determine who was 
responsible—genuine   artists   have   an   instinctive   desire   to   draw   what’s 
forbidden!  Sometimes  their  hands  make  mischief  on  their  own。  Uncovering 
these  transgressions  involves  finding  trivial;  quickly  drawn  and  repetitive 
details  removed  from  the  heart  of  the  painting;  such  as  ears;  hands;  grass; 
leaves; or even horses’ manes; legs or hooves。 But beware; the method doesn’t 
work if the illustrator himself is mindful that this detail has bee his own 
secret signature。 Mustaches won’t work; for instance; because many artists are 
aware how freely they’re drawn as a sort of signature anyway。 But eyebrows are 
a possibility: No one pays much attention to them。 e now; let’s see which 
young  masters  have  brought  their  brushes  and  reed  pens  to  bear  upon  late 
Enishte’s illustrations。” 
Thus  we  brought  together  the  pages  of  two  illustrated  manuscripts;  one 
that  was  being  pleted  secretly  and  the  other  openly;  two  books  with 
different stories and subjects; illustrated in two distinct styles; that is; deceased 
Enishte’s book and the Book of Festivities recounting our prince’s circumcision 
ceremony; whose creation was under my control。 Black and I looked intently 
wherever I moved my magnifying lens: 
 
1。 In the pages of the Book of Festivities; we first studied the open mouth of 
the fox whose pelt a master of the furrier’s guild; in a red caftan and purple 
sash;  held  on  his  lap  as  the  guild  passed  before  Our  Sultan;  watching  the 
parade  from  a  loge  made  specifically  for  the  event。  Unmistakably;  Olive  had 
made  both  the  fox’s  teeth;  which  were  individually  distinguishable;  and  the 
teeth in Enishte’s illustration of Satan; an ominous creature; half…demon and 
half…giant; that appeared to have e from Samarkand。 
277 
 
2。  On  a  particularly  joyous  day  of  the  festivities;  below  Our  Sultan’s  loge 
overlooking  the  Hippodrome;  a  division  of  impoverished  frontier  ghazis 
appeared in tattered clothes。 One of their lot made a plea: “My Exalted Sultan; 
we; your heroic soldiers; fell captive as we fought the infidel in the name of our 
religion and were only able to gain our freedom by leaving a number of our 
brethren  behind  as  hostages;  that  is;  we  were  set  free  in  order  to  amass 
ransom。 However; when we arrived back in Istanbul; we found everything so 
expensive  that  we’ve  been  unable  to  collect  the  money  to  save  our  brethren 
who languish as prisoners of the kaffirs。 We’re at the mercy of your aid。 Please 
grant us gold or slaves that we might take back to exchange for their freedom。” 
Stork clearly made the nails of the lazy dog off to the side—glaring with one 
open eye at Our Sultan; at our poor; destitute ghazis and at the Persian and 
Tatar  ambassadors  in  the  Hippodrome—as  well  as  the  nails  of  the  dog 
occupying a corner of the scene depicting the adventures of the Gold Coin in 
Enishte’s book。 
3。  Among  the  jugglers  spinning  eggs  on  pieces  of  wood  and  turning 
somersaults  before  Our  Sultan  was  a  bald  man  with  bare  calves  wearing  a 
purple vest; who played a tambourine as he sat off to one side on a red carpet; 
this  man  held  the  instrument  exactly  the  same  way  the  woman  held  a  large 
brass  serving  tray  in  the  illustration  of  Red  in  Enishte’s  book:  doubtless  the 
work of Olive。 
4。 As the cooks’ guild pushed past Our Sultan; they were cooking stuffed 
cabbage with meat and onions in a cauldron resting on a stove in their cart。 
The  master  cooks  acpanying  the  cart  stood  on  pink  earth  resting  their 
stew pots on blue stones; these stones were rendered by the same artist who 
made  the  red  ones  on  dark…blue  earth  above  which  floated  the  half…ghostly 
creature in the illustration that Enishte called Death: the unmistakable work of 
Butterfly。 
5。 Mounted Tatar messengers brought word that the Persian Shah’s armies 
had  begun  to  mobilize  for  another  campaign  against  the  Ottomans;  who 
thereupon razed to the ground the exquisite observation kiosk of the Persian 
ambassador who’d repeatedly affirmed to Our Sultan; Refuge of the World; in 
a cascade of pleasantries; that the Shah was His friend and harbored nothing 
but brotherly affection for Him。 During this episode of wrath and destruction; 
water bearers ran out to settle the dust raised in the Hippodrome; and a group 
of  men  appeared  shouldering  leather  sacks  full  of  linseed  oil  to  pour  over  a 
mob ready to attack the ambassador; in hopes of pacifying it。 The raised feet of 
the water bearers and of the men carrying sacks of linseed oil were made by 
278 
 
the  same  artist  who  painted  the  raised  feet  of  charging  soldiers  in  the 
depiction of Red: also the work of Butterfly。 
 
I wasn’t the one who made this last discovery as I directed our search for 
clues; moving the magnifying lens right and left; to that picture then this one; 
rather it was Black; who opened his eyes wide and scarcely blinked gripped by 
the fear of torture and the hope of returning to his wife who awaited him at 
home。 Using the “courtesan method;” it took an entire afternoon to sort out 
which of our miniaturists worked on each of the nine pictures left by the late 
Enishte; and later; to interpret that information。 
Black’s late Enishte didn’t limit any single page to the artistic talent of just 
one  miniaturist;  all  three  of  my  master  miniaturists  worked  on  most  of  the 
illustrations。  This  meant  that  the  pictures  were  moved  from  house  to  house 
with  great  frequency。  In  addition  to  the  work  I  recognized;  I  noticed  the 
amateurish strokes of a fifth artist; but as I grew angry at the dearth of talent 
shown by this disgraceful murderer; Black determined from the cautious brush 
strokes  that  it  was  indeed  the  work  of  his  Enishte—thereby  saving  us  from 
following  a  false  lead。  If  we  discounted  poor  Elegant  Effendi;  who’d  done 
almost the same gilding for Enishte’s book and our Book of Festivities (yes; this 
of course broke my heart) and who; I gathered; had occasionally lowered his 
brush  to  execute  a  few  walls;  leaves  and  clouds;  it  was  evident  that  only  my 
three most brilliant master miniaturists had contributed to these illustrations。 
They  were  the  darlings  I’d  lovingly  trained  since  their  apprenticeships;  my 
three beloved talents: Olive; Butterfly and Stork。 
Discussing their talents; mastery and temperaments to the end of finding 
the clue we were looking for inevitably led to a discussion of my own life as 
well: 
 
The Attributes of Olive 
 
His  given  name  was  Velijan。  If  he  had  a  nickname  besides  the  one  I’d  given 
him; I don’t know it; because I never saw him sign any of his work。 When he 
was an apprentice; he’d e get me from my home on Tuesday mornings。 He 
was very proud; and so if he ever lowered himself to sign his work; he’d want 
this  signature  to  be  plain  and  recognizable;  he  wouldn’t  try  to  conceal  it 
anywhere。  Allah  had  quite  generously  endowed  him  with  excess  ability。  He 
could readily and easily do anything from gilding to ruling and his work was 
279 
 
superb。 He was the workshop’s most brilliant creator of trees; animals and the 
human  face。  Velijan’s  father;  who  brought  him  to  Istanbul  when  he  was;  I 
believe;  ten  years  old;  was  trained  by  Siyavush;  the  famous  illustrator 
specializing  in  faces  in  the  Persian  Shah’s  Tabriz  workshop。  He  hails  from  a 
long line of masters whose genealogy goes back to the Mongols; and just like 
the  elderly  masters  who  bore  a  Mongol…Chinese  influence  and  settled  in 
Samarkand; Bukhara and Herat 150 years ago; he rendered moon…faced young 
lovers  as  if  they  were  Chinese。  Neither  during  his  apprenticeship  nor  during 
his time as a master was I able to lead this stubborn artist to other styles。 How 
I  would’ve  liked  him  to  transcend  the  styles  and  models  of  the  Mongol; 
Chinese and Herat masters billeted deep in his soul; or even for him to forget 
about  them  entirely。  When  I  told  him  this;  he  replied  that  like  many 
miniaturists  who’d  moved  from  workshop  to  workshop  and  country  to 
country;  he’d  forgotten  these  old  styles;  if  he’d  ever  actually  learned  them。 
Though the value of many miniaturists resides prec

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