letters to his son, 1746-47-第6部分

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My　Lord　Bacon　says；　that　a　pleasing　figure　is　a　perpetual　letter　of
recommendation。　　It　is　certainly　an　agreeable　forerunner　of　merit；　and
smoothes　the　way　for　it。

Remember　that　I　shall　see　you　at　Hanover　next　summer；　and　shall　expect
perfection；　which　if　I　do　not　meet　with；　or　at　least　something　very　near
it；　you　and　I　shall；　not　be　very　well　together。　　I　shall　dissect　and
analyze　you　with　a　microscope；　so　that　I　shall　discover　the　least　speck
or　blemish。　　This　is　fair　warning；　therefore　take　your　measures
accordingly。　　Yours。




LETTER　XIII


LONDON；　August　21；　O。　S。　　1747。

DEAR　BOY：　I　reckon　that　this　letter　has　but　a　bare　chance　of　finding　you
at　Lausanne；　but　I　was　resolved　to　risk　it；　as　it　is　the　last　that　I
shall　write　to　you　till　you　are　settled　at　Leipsig。　　I　sent　you　by　the
last　post；　under　cover　to　Mr。　Harte；　a　letter　of　recommendation　to　one　of
the　first　people　at　Munich；　which　you　will　take　care　to　present　to　him　in
the　politest　manner；　he　will　certainly　have　you　presented　to　the
electoral　family；　and　I　hope　you　will　go　through　that　ceremony　with　great
respect；　good　breeding；　and　ease。　　As　this　is　the　first　court　that　ever
you　will　have　been　at；　take　care　to　inform　yourself　if　there　be　any
particular；　customs　or　forms　to　be　observed；　that　you　may　not　commit　any
mistake。　　At　Vienna　men　always　make　courtesies；　instead　of　bows；　to　the
emperor；　in　France　nobody　bows　at　all　to　the　king；　nor　kisses　his　hand；
but　in　Spain　and　England；　bows　are　made；　and　hands　are　kissed。　　Thus
every　court　has　some　peculiarity　or　other；　of　which　those　who　go　to　them
ought　previously　to　inform　themselves；　to　avoid　blunders　and
awkwardnesses。

I　have　not　time　to　say　any　more　now；　than　to　wish　you　good　journey　to
Leipsig；　and　great　attention；　both　there　and　in　going　there。　　Adieu。




LETTER　XIV

LONDON；　September　21；　O。　S。　　1747

DEAR　BOY：　I　received；　by　the　last　post；　your　letter　of　the　8th；　N。　S。；
and　I　do　not　wonder　that　you　are　surprised　at　the　credulity　and
superstition　of　the　Papists　at　Einsiedlen；　and　at　their　absurd　stories　of
their　chapel。　　But　remember；　at　the　same　time；　that　errors　and　mistakes；
however　gross；　in　matters　of　opinion；　if　they　are　sincere；　are　to　be
pitied；　but　not　punished　nor　laughed　at。　The　blindness　of　the
understanding　is　as　much　to　be　pitied　as　the　blindness　of　the　eye；
and　there　is　neither　jest　nor　guilt　in　a　man's　losing　his　way　in　either
case。　　Charity　bids　us　set　him　right　if　we　can；　by　arguments　and
persuasions；　but　charity；　at　the　same　time；　forbids；　either　to　punish　or
ridicule　his　misfortune。　　Every　man's　reason　is；　and　must　be；　his　guide；
and　I　may　as　well　expect　that　every　man　should　be　of　my　size　and
complexion；　as　that　he　should　reason　just　as　I　do。　　Every　man　seeks　for
truth；　but　God　only　knows　who　has　found　it。　　It　is；　therefore；　as　unjust
to　persecute；　as　it　is　absurd　to　ridicule；　people　for　those　several
opinions；　which　they　cannot　help　entertaining　upon　the　conviction　of
their　reason。　　It　is　the　man　who　tells；　or　who　acts　a　lie；　that　is
guilty；　and　not　he　who　honestly　and　sincerely　believes　the　lie。
I　really　know　nothing　more　criminal；　more　mean；　and　more　ridiculous　than
lying。　　It　is　the　production　either　of　malice；　cowardice；　or　vanity；
and　generally　misses　of　its　aim　in　every　one　of　these　views；　for　lies　are
always　detected　sooner　or　later。　　If　I　tell　a　malicious　lie；　in　order　to
affect　any　man's　fortune　or　character；　I　may　indeed　injure　him　for　some
time；　but　I　shall　be　sure　to　be　the　greatest　sufferer　myself　at　last；
for　as　soon　as　ever　I　am　detected　（and　detected　I　most　certainly　shall
be）；　I　am　blasted　for　the　infamous　attempt；　and　whatever　is　said
afterward；　to　the　disadvantage　of　that　person；　however　true；　passes　for
calumny。　　If　I　lie；　or　equivocate　（for　it　is　the　same　thing）；　in　order　to
excuse　myself　for　something　that　I　have　said　or　done；　and　to　avoid　the
danger　and　the　shame　that　I　apprehend　from　it；　I　discover　at　once　my　fear
as　well　as　my　falsehood；　and　only　increase；　instead　of　avoiding；　the
danger　and　the　shame；　I　show　myself　to　be　the　lowest　and　the　meanest　of
mankind；　and　am　sure　to　be　always　treated　as　such。　　Fear；　instead　of
avoiding；　invites　danger；　for　concealed　cowards　will　insult　known　ones。
If　one　has　had　the　misfortune　to　be　in　the　wrong；　there　is　something
noble　in　frankly　owning　it；　it　is　the　only　way　of　atoning　for　it；　and　the
only　way　of　being　forgiven。　　Equivocating；　evading；　shuffling；　in　order
to　remove　a　present　danger　or　inconveniency；　is　something　so　mean；　and
betrays　so　much　fear；　that　whoever　practices　them　always　deserves　to　be；
and　often　will　be　kicked。　　There　is　another　sort　of　lies；　inoffensive
enough　in　themselves；　but　wonderfully　ridiculous；　I　mean　those　lies　which
a　mistaken　vanity　suggests；　that　defeat　the　very　end　for　which　they　are
calculated；　and　terminate　in　the　humiliation　and　confusion　of　their
author；　who　is　sure　to　be　detected。　　These　are　chiefly　narrative　and
historical　lies；　all　intended　to　do　infinite　honor　to　their　author。
He　is　always　the　hero　of　his　own　romances；　he　has　been　in　dangers　from
which　nobody　but　himself　ever　escaped；　he　has　seen　with　his　own　eyes；
whatever　other　people　have　heard　or　read　of：　he　has　had　more　'bonnes
fortunes'　than　ever　he　knew　women；　and　has　ridden　more　miles　post　in　one
day；　than　ever　courier　went　in　two。　　He　is　soon　discovered；　and　as　soon
becomes　the　object　of　universal　contempt　and　ridicule。　　Remember；　then；
as　long　as　you　live；　that　nothing　but　strict　truth　can　carry　you　through
the　world；　with　either　your　conscience　or　your　honor　unwounded。　　It　is
not　only　your　duty；　but　your　interest；　as　a　proof　of　which　you　may　always
observe；　that　the　greatest　fools　are　the　greatest　liars。　　For　my　own
part；　I　judge　of　every　man's　truth　by　his　degree　of　understanding。

This　letter　will；　I　suppose；　find　you　at　Leipsig；　where　I　expect　and
require　from　you　attention　and　accuracy；　in　both　which　you　have　hitherto
been　very　deficient。　　Remember　that　I　shall　see　you　in　the　summer；　shall
examine　you　most　narrowly；　and　will　never　forget　nor　forgive　those
faults；　which　it　has　been　in　your　own　power　to　prevent　or　cure；　and　be
assured　that　I　have　many　eyes　upon　you　at　Leipsig；　besides　Mr。　Harte's。
Adieu！




LETTER　XV

LONDON；　October　2；　O。　S。　　1747

DEAR　BOY：　By　your　letter　of　the　18th　past；　N。　S。；　I　find　that　you　are　a
tolerably　good　landscape　painter；　and　can　present　the　several　views　of
Switzerland　to　the　curious。　　I　am　very　glad　of　it；　as　it　is　a　proof　of
some　attention；　but　I　hope　you　will　be　as　good　a　portrait　painter；　which
is　a　much　more　noble　science。　　By　portraits；　you　will　easily　judge；　that
I　do　not　mean　the　outlines　and　the　coloring　of　the　human　figure；　but　the
inside　of　the　heart　and　mind　of　man。　　This　science　requires　more
attention；　observation；　and　penetration；　than　the　other；　as　indeed　it　is
infinitely　more　useful。　　Search；　therefore；　with　the　greatest　care；　into
the　characters　of　those　whom　you　converse　with；　endeavor　to　discover
their　predominant　passions；　their　prevailing　weaknesses；　their　vanities；
their　follies；　and　their　humors；　with　all　the　right　and　wrong；　wise　and
silly　springs　of　human　actions；　which　make　such　inconsistent　and
whimsical　beings　of　us　rational　creatures。　　A　moderate　share　of
penetration；　with　great　attention；　will　infallibly　make　these　necessary
discoveries。　　This　is　the　true　knowledge　of　the　world；　and　the　world　is
a　country　which　nobody　ever　yet　knew　by　description；　one　must　travel
through　it　one's　self　to　be　acquainted　with　it。　　The　scholar；　who　in　the
dust　of　his　closet　talks　or　writes　of　the　world；　knows　no　more　of　it；
than　that　orator　did　of　war；　who　judiciously　endeavored　to　instruct
Hannibal　in　it。　　Courts　and　camps　are　the　only　places　to　learn　the　world
in。　　There　alone　all　kinds　of　characters　resort；　and　human　nature　is　seen
in　all　the　various　shapes　and　modes；　which　education；　custom；　and　habit
give　it；　whereas；　in　all　other　places；　one　local　mode　generally　prevails；
and　producing　a　seeming　though　not　a　real　sameness　of　character。　　For
example；　one　general　mode　distinguishes　an　university；　another　a　trading
town；　a　third　a　seaport　town；　and　so　on；　whereas；　at　a　capital；　where　the
Prince　or　the　Supreme　Power　resides；　some　of　all　these　various　modes　are
to　be　seen　and　seen　in　action　too；　exerting　their　utmost　skill　in　pursuit
of　their　several　objects。　　Human　nature　is　the　same　all　over　the　world；
but　its　operations　are　so　varied　by　education　and　habit；　that　one　must
see　it　in　all　its　dresses　in　order　to　be　intimately　acquainted　with　it。
The　passion　of　ambition；　for　instance；　is　the　same　in　a　courtier；
　a　soldier；　or　an　ecclesiastic；　but；　from　their　different　educations　and
habits；　they　will　take　very　different　methods　to　gratify　it。　　Civility；
which　is　a　disposition　to　accommodate　and　oblige　others；　is　essentially
the　same　in　every　country；　but　good…breeding；　as　it　is　called；　which　is
the　manner　of　exerting　that　disposition；　is　different　in　almost　every
country；　and　merely　local；　and　every　man　of　sense　imitates　and　conforms
to　that　local　good…breeding　of　the　place　which　he　is　at。　　A　conformity
and　flexibility　of　manners　is　nec