the moravians in georgia-第15部分
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who spoke French or Latin； preferably the latter； should be named as Count Zinzendorf's Agent； to handle funds for the English school； and to accompany later companies of Georgia colonists as far as London； his expenses to be paid by the Trustees。 Of this the Trustees approved； and donated 40 Pounds sterling； partly for Nitschmann's use in London； and the balance； about 4 Pounds it proved to be； for the Herrnhut school。 An English gentleman also gave them 32 Pounds； with the proviso that within four years they in turn would give an equal amount to the needy； which Nitschmann readily agreed should be done。
Various other gifts must have been received； for when the company sailed； Nitschmann reported to Count Zinzendorf that； without counting a considerable amount which Korte had generously expended on their behalf； they had received 115 Pounds in London； and had spent 113 Pounds。 〃This will seem much to you； but when you look over the accounts； and consider the number of people； and how dear everything is； you will understand。〃 Unfortunately the colonists had left Herrnhut without a sufficient quantity of warm clothing； thinking that it would not be needed； but letters from Georgia gave them quite new ideas of the climate there； and they were forced to supply themselves in London； though at double what it would have cost in Germany。
In addition to these expenditures； the second company borrowed from the Trustees the funds for their passage to Georgia； and a year's provision there； binding themselves jointly and severally to repay the money； the bond； dated Oct。 26th； 1735； being for the sum of 453 Pounds 7 Shillings 6 Pence； double the amount of the actual debt。 This included Passage for 16 men； 8 women and 1 boy； 25 persons； 24…1/2 〃heads〃。 Pounds 122： 10： 0 25 sets of bed…clothes。 6： 5： 0 1 year's provisions in Georgia； being 12 bushels Indian Corn； 100 lbs。 Meat； 30 lbs。 Butter； 1 bushel Salt； 27 lbs。 Cheese； per head。 64： 6： 3 Advanced in London for necessaries。 33： 12： 6 … Pounds 226： 13： 9
This was to be repaid in five years； drawing eight per cent。 interest after three years； further security to be given within twelve months if requested by the Trustees or their Agent； and any provisions not used to be credited on their account。
In the matter of forming new acquaintances in London； the second company was far less active than the first had been； Spangenberg's standing and education having given him access to many people； attracting their attention to his companions。 The second company profited by the friends he had made； Mr。 Wynantz especially devoting himself to their service； and while Nitschmann and his associates did not reach many new people； they inspired the respect and confidence of those whom Spangenberg had introduced to the Moravian Church； and so strengthened its cause。 A carpenter from Wittenberg； Vollmar by name； who was attracted to them； requested permission to go to Georgia with them； although not at their expense； and to this they agreed。 A number of Salzburgers who were to go to Georgia with General Oglethorpe； though not on the same ship； were under the leadership of the young Baron von Reck with whom Zinzendorf had corresponded during the early stages of the Moravian negotiations； and the Baron called on the second company several times； offered to assist them in any way in his power； and expressed the wish that the Moravians and Salzburgers could live together in Georgia。 Nitschmann doubted the wisdom of the plan； but courteously agreed to refer it to Zinzendorf； who； however； refused his sanction。
On the 12th of October； the Moravians went aboard Gen。 Oglethorpe's ship； the ‘Simmonds'； Capt。 Cornish； where they were told to select the cabins they preferred； being given preference over the English colonists who were going。 The cabins contained bare bunks； which could be closed when not in use； arranged in groups of five； three below and two above； the five persons occupying them also eating together。 The Moravians chose their places in the center of the ship； on either side of the main mast； where the ventilation was best； and there would be most fresh air when they reached warmer latitudes。 〃The number of people on the ship is rather large； for we are altogether one hundred and fifty who are going to Georgia； but besides ourselves they are all Englishmen。〃 〃Many of them are like wild animals； but we have resolved in all things to act as the children of God； giving offence to no one； that our purpose be not misconstrued。〃
After seeing his companions comfortably settled on the vessel； Nitschmann returned to his numerous tasks in London。 On the 24th； he came back to the ship； accompanied by Korte； who bade them an affectionate farewell。 By the 27th all of the passengers； including Gen。 Oglethorpe； were on board； but it was not until the afternoon of October 31st； that the ‘Simmonds' sailed from Gravesend。
Four Journals。
On the ‘Simmonds'； as she sailed slowly down the Thames on her way to Georgia； there were four Englishmen； with whom the Moravians were to become well acquainted； who were to influence and be influenced by them； and through whom a great change was to come into the religious history of England。 These were John and Charles Wesley； Benjamin Ingham and Charles Delamotte。 The Wesleys were sons of Samuel Wesley； a clergyman of the Church of England； and while at the University of Oxford they； with two companions； had formed a little society for religious improvement； and by their strict and methodical habits gained the name of 〃Methodists〃； both brothers had taken orders in the English Church； and were on their way to Georgia； John to serve as rector at Savannah； and Charles as Gen。 Oglethorpe's private secretary。 Benjamin Ingham was born in Yorkshire； and met the Wesleys at Oxford； where he joined their Methodist society。 He； too； had been ordained in the English Church； and now； at the age of twenty…three； had yielded to John Wesley's persuasions； and agreed to go with him 〃to the Indians〃。 Charles Delamotte； the son of a London merchant； met the Wesleys at the home of James Hutton； shortly before they sailed for Georgia； and was so much impressed by them； and by their object in seeking the New World； that he decided 〃to leave the world； and give himself up entirely to God；〃 and go with them。
For the greater part of his life John Wesley kept a Journal； extracts from which were given to the public from time to time； and Benjamin Ingham's account of the voyage to Georgia was also printed； so that the story of those weeks is quite well known。 Nevertheless； something of interest may be gained by comparing these two Journals with the Diaries kept by David Nitschmann； Bishop of the Moravians； and John Andrew Dober； one of the second company。
To avoid confusion it should be noted that the difference of eleven days in the dates is only apparent； not real； for the Englishmen used the old style calendar； the Germans employed the modern one。 In 46 B。 C。 the Roman Calendar had gained two months on the actual seasons； and a more accurate calculation resulted in the adoption of the so…called 〃Julian Calendar〃 （prepared at the request of Julius Caesar）； the two missing months being inserted between November and December in that 〃year of confusion〃。 By 1582； however； the Julian Calendar had fallen ten days behind the seasons； so another calculation was made； and Pope Gregory XIII abolished the Julian Calendar in all Catholic countries； dropped the dates of ten days from that year； and established the 〃reformed〃； or 〃Gregorian Calendar〃。 This was adopted in Catholic Germany； in 1583； in Protestant Germany and Holland； in 1700； but in England not until 1752； by which time the difference had increased to eleven days。 Following the ancient Jewish custom the Year； for many centuries； began with the 25th of March； but public sentiment came to favor the 1st of January as the more appropriate date； and it was gradually adopted。 In England； however； the legal year continued to begin with March 25th； until 1752； although many people were either using the newer fashion； or indicating both； and a date might be correctly written in four ways； e。g。 January 10th； 1734； old style； legal； January 10th； 1734…5； or January 10th； 1735； old style； popular； and January 21st； 1735； new style； the last agreeing with the calendar now in general use。
Bishop Nitschmann gives the outline of their religious services on almost every day； and in the translation which follows these are generally omitted； in the same way some paragraphs are left out of the Wesley Journal。 Extracts from Dober's and Ingham's Journals are inserted when they give facts not otherwise noted。
24 Oct。 1735。
Nitschmann's Diary。 Oct。 24th； 1735。
I went to the ship； （the ‘Simmonds'； Captain Cornish）。 My heart rejoiced to be once more with the Brethren。 In the evening we held our song service。
（We have all given ourselves to the Lord； and pray that the Saviour may comfort our hearts with joy； and that we may attain our object； namely； to call the
