the origins of contemporary france-3-第86部分

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！



the　secretary　of　the　club。　　M。　Senis；　caught　in　his　country…house；　is

hung　on　the　Place　du　Vieux　Palais。　　Desidery；　a　captain　in　the　navy；

the　curé　of　La　Valette；　and　M。　de　Sacqui　des　Thourets；　are　beheaded　in

the　suburbs；　and　their　beads　are　brought　into　town　on　the　ends　of

three　poles。　　M。　de　Flotte　d'Argenson；　vice…admiral；　a　man　of

Herculean　stature；　of　such　a　grave　aspect；　and　so　austere　that　he　is

nicknamed　the　〃Père　Eternel〃　is　treacherously　enticed　to　the　entrance

of　the　Arsenal；　where　he　sees　the　lantern　already　dropping；　he　seizes

a　gun；　defends　himself；　yields　to　numbers；　and　after　having　been

slashed　with　sabers；　is　hung。　M。　de　Rochemaure；　a　major…general　of

marines；　is　likewise　sabred　and　hung　in　the　same　manner；　a　main　artery

in　the　neck；　severed　by　the　blow　of　the　saber；　spouts　blood　from　the

corpse　and　forms　a　pool　on　the　pavement；　Barry；　one　of　the

executioners；　washes　his　hands　in　it　and　sprinkles　the　by…standers　as

if　bestowing　a　blessing　on　them。　　Barry；　Lemaille；　Jassaud；

Sylvestre；　and　other　leading　assassins；　the　new　kings　of　Toulon；

sufficiently　resemble　those　of　Paris。　　Add　to　these　a　certain　Figon；

who　gives　audience　in　his　garret；　straightens　out　social　inequalities；

forces　the　daughters　of　large　farmers　to　marry　poor　republicans；　and

rich　young　men　to　marry　prostitutes；＇105＇　and；　taking　the　lists

furnished　by　the　club　or　neighboring　municipalities；　ransoming　all　the

well…to…do　and　opulent　persons　inscribed　on　them。　　In　order　that　the

portraiture　of　the　band　may　be　complete；　it　must　be　noted　that；　on　the

23rd　of　August；　it　attempted　to　set　free　the　1800　convicts；　the

latter；　not　comprehending　that　they　were　wanted　for　political　allies；

did　not　dare　sally　forth；　or；　at　least；　the　reliable　portion　of　the

National　Guard　arrived　in　time　to　put　their　chains　on　again。　　But　here

its　efforts　cease；　and　for　more　than　a　year　public　authority　remains

in　the　hands　of　a　Jacobin　faction　which；　as　far　as　public　order　is

concerned；　does　not　even　have　the　morals　of　a　convict。



More　than　once　during　the　course　of　this　long　review　the　Minister　must

have　flushed　with　shame；　for　to　the　reprimands　dispatched　by　him　to

these　apathetic　administrations；　they　reply　by　citing　himself　as　an

example：



〃You　desire　us　to　denounce　the　arbitrary　arrests　to　the　public

prosecutor；　have　you　denounced　those　guilty　of　similar　and　yet　greater

crimes　committed　at　the　capital？　〃＇106＇　…



From　all　quarters　come　the　cries　of　the　oppressed　appealing　to　〃the

patriot　Minister；　the　sworn　enemy　of　anarchy；〃　to　〃the　good　and

incorruptible　Minister　of　the　Interior；　his　only　reproach；　the　common

sense　of　his　wife；〃　and　he　could　only　reply　with　empty　phrases　and

condolences：



　〃To　lament　the　events　which　so　grievously　distress　the　province；　all

administrations　being　truly　useful　when　they　forestall　evils；　it　being

very　sad　to　be　obliged　to　resort　to　such　remedies；　and　recommend　to

them　a　more　active　supervision。〃＇107＇







　〃To　lament　and　find　consolation　in　the　observations　made　in　the

letter；〃　which　announces　four　murders；　but　calls　attention　to　the　fact

that　〃the　victims　immolated　are　counter…revolutionaries。〃＇108＇



Roland　has　carried　on　written　dialogues　with　the　village

municipalities；　and　given　lessons　in　constitutional　law　to　communities

of　pot…breakers。＇109＇　　　But；　on　this　territory；　he　is　defeated　by

his　own　principles；　while　the　pure　Jacobins　read　him　a　lesson　in　turn；

they；　likewise；　are　able　to　deduce　the　consequences　of　their　own

creed。



　〃Brother　and　Friend；　Sir；〃　write　those　of　Rouen；　〃not　to　be　always　at

the　feet　of　the　municipality；　we　have　declared　ourselves　permanent；

deliberative　sections　of　the　Commune。〃＇110＇



Let　the　so…called　constituted　authorities；　the　formalists　and　pedants

of　the　Executive　Council　and　the　Minister　of　the　Interior；　look　twice

before　censuring　the　exercise　of　popular　sovereignty。　This　sovereign

raises　his　voice　and　drives　his　clerks　back　into　their　holes；

spoliation　and　murder；　all　this　is　just。



　〃Can　you　have　forgotten　that；　after　the　tempest；　as　you　yourself

declared　in　the　height　of　the　storm；　it　is　the　nation　which　saves

itself？　Well；　sir；　this　is　what　we　have　done。＇111＇　。　　。　　　　What！　when

all　France　was　resounding　with　that　long　expected　proclamation　of　the

abolition　of　tyranny；　you　were　willing　that　the　traitors；　who　strove

to　reestablish　it；　should　escape　public　prosecution！　My　God；　what

century　is　this　in　which　we　find　such　Ministers！〃



Arbitrary　taxes；　penalties；　confiscations；　revolutionary　expeditions；

nomadic　garrisons；　pillage；　what　fault　can　be　found　with　all　that？



〃We　do　not　pretend　that　these　are　legal　methods；　but；　drawing　nearer

to　nature；　we　demand　what　object　the　oppressed　have　in　view　in

invoking　justice。　　Is　it　to　lag　behind　and　vainly　pursue　an　equitable

adjustment　which　is　rendered　fleeting　by　judicial　forms？　Correct　these

abuses　or　do　not　complain　of　the　sovereign　people　suppressing　them　in

advance。　。　。　　。　　You；　sir；　with　so　many　reasons　for　it；　would　do　well

to　recall　your　insults　and　redeem　the　wrongs　you　have　inflicted　before

we　happen　to　render　them　public。〃　。　　。　　。　〃Citizen　Minister；　people

flatter　you；　you　are　told　too　often　that　you　are　virtuous；　the　moment

this　gives　you　pleasure　you　cease　to　be　so。　　。　　。　。　　Discard　the

astute　brigands　who　surround　you；　listen　to　the　people；　and　remember

that　a　citizen　Minister　is　merely　the　executor　of　the　sovereign　will

of　the　people。〃



However　narrow　Roland's　outlook　may　be；　he　must　finally　comprehend

that　the　innumerable　robberies　and　murders　which　he　has　just　noted

over　are　not　a　thoughtless　eruption；　a　passing　crisis　of　delirium；　but

a　manifesto　of　the　victorious　party；　the　beginning　of　an　established

system　of　government。　　Under　this　system；　write　the　Marseilles

Jacobins；



〃to…day；　in　our　happy　region；　the　good　rule　over　the　bad；　and

constitute　a　party　which　allows　no　contamination；　whatever　is　vicious

has　gone　into　hiding　or　has　been　exterminated。〃…



The　programme　is　very　precise；　and　acts　form　its　commentary。　This　is

the　programme　which　the　faction；　throughout　the　interregnum；　sets

openly　before　the　electors。

_____________________________________________________________________



Notes：



＇1＇　Guillon　de　Montléon；　I。　122。　Letter　of　Laussel；　dated　Paris；　28th

of　August；　1792；　to　the　Jacobins　of　Lyons：　〃Tell　me　how　many　heads

have　been　cut　off　at　home。　It　would　be　infamous　to　let　our　enemies

escape。〃

1792）。





＇2＇　　〃Les　Révolutions　de　Paris；〃　by　Prudhomme；　Vol。　XIII。　pp。　59…63

（14th　of　July；　3　　Decrees　of　the　10th　and　11th　of　August；　1792。



＇4＇　　Prudhomme；　number　of　the　15th　of　September；　p。　483。　…　Mortimer…

Ternaux；　IV。　430。



＇5＇　　Mortimer…Ternaux。　IV。　II。　Fauchet's　report；　Nov。　6；　1792。　…　Ib。；

IV。　91；　142。　Discourse　of　M。　Fockedey；　administrator　of　the　department

of　the　north；　and　of　M。　Bailly；　deputy　de　Seine…et…Marne。



＇6＇　Prudhomme；　number　of　Sept。　1；　1792；　pp。　375；　381；　385：　number　of

Sept。　22；　pp。　528…530；　…Cf。　Guillon　de　Montléon；　I。　144。　Here　are　some

of　the　principles　announced　by　the　Jacobin　leaders　of　Lyons；　Chalier；

Laussel；　Cusset；　Rouillot；　etc。　〃The　time　has　come　when　this　prophecy

must　be　fulfilled：　The　rich　shall　be　put　in　the　place　of　the　poor；　and

the　poor　in　the　place　of　the　rich。〃　…　If　a　half　of　their　property　be

left　them　the　rich　will　still　be　happy。〃　…　〃If　the　laboring　people　of

Lyons　are　destitute　of　work　and　of　bread；　they　can　profit　by　these

calamities　in　helping　themselves　to　wealth　in　the　quarter　where　they

find　it。〃　…　〃No　one　who　is　near　a　sack　of　wheat　can　die　of　hunger。　Do

you　wish　the　word　that　will　buy　all　that　you　want？　Slay！　…　or　perish！〃



＇7＇　Prudhomme；　number　for　the　28th　of　August；　1792；　pp。　284…287。



＇8＇　Cf。。　〃The　French　Revolution；〃　I。346。　In　ten　of　the　departments　the

seventh　jacquerie　continues　the　sixth　without　a　break。　Among　other

examples；　this　letter　from　the　administrators　of　Tarn；　June　18；　1792；

may　be　read　（〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3271）。　〃Numerous　bands　overran

both　the　city　（Castres）　and　the　country。　They　forcibly　entered　the

houses　of　the　citizens；　broke　the　furniture　to　pieces；　and　pillaged

everything　that　fell　into　their　hands。　Girls　and　women　underwent

shameful　treatment。　Commissioners　sent　by　the　district　and　the

municipality　to　advocate　peace　were　insulted　and　menaced。　The　pillage

was　renewed；　the　home　of　the　citizen　was　violated。〃　The　administrators

add：　〃In　many　places　the　progress　made　by　the　constitution　was

indicated　by　the　speedy　and　numerous　emigrations　of　its　enemies。〃



＇9＇　　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3272。　Letter　of　the　administrators　of

the　Var；　May　27；　1792。　Letter　of　the　minister；　Duranthon；　May　28。

Letter　of　the　commission　composing　the　directory　Oct。　31。



＇10＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　Letter　of　the　administrators　of　Var；　May。

27。　The　saying　is　the　summary　of　the　revolutionary　spirit；　it