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most suitable for keeping the emigrants beyond the frontiers。〃



'14' Decree of Feb。 1; 1792。  Moniteur; XI。 412 (session of Feb。

17)。 Speech by Goupilleau。 〃Since the decree of the National Assembly

on passports; emigrations have redoubled。〃 People evidently escaped

from France as from a prison。



'15' Decrees of June 18 and August 25。



'16' Decree of June 19。   Moniteur; XIII。 331。 〃In execution of the

law 。 。 。  there will be burnt; on Tuesday; August 7; on the Place

Vend?me; at 2 o'clock: 1st; 600; more or less; of files of papers;

forming the last of genealogical collections; titles and  proofs of

nobility; 2nd; about 200 files; forming part of a work composed of 263

volumes; on the Order of the Holy Ghost。〃



'17' Decree of Nov。 29; 1791。 (This decree is not in Duvergier's

collection~)   Moniteur;  XII。  59; 247 (sessions of April 5 and 28;

1792)。



'18' At the Jacobin Club; Legendre proposes a much a more expeditious

measure for getting rid of the priests。 〃At Brest; he says; boats are

found which are called Marie…Salopes; so constructed that; on being

loaded with dirt; they go out of the harbor themselves。 Let us have a

similar arrangement for priests; but; instead of sending them out of

the harbor; let us send them out to sea; and; if necessary; let them

go down。〃 (〃Journal de Amis de la Constitution;〃 number 194; May 15;

1792。)



'19' Moniteur; XII。 560 (decree of June 3)。



'20' Decrees of July 19 and Aug。 4; completed by those of Aug。 16 and

19。



'21' Moniteur; XII。 59; 61 (session of April 3); X。 374 (session of

Nov。 13; XII 230 (session of April 26)。  The last sentence quoted

was uttered by Fran?ois de Nantes。



'22' Moniteur; XI。 43。 (session of Jan。 5; speech by Isnard)。



'23' Moniteur; XI。 356 (session of Feb。 10)。



'24' Moniteur; XI。 230 (session of April 26)。



'25'  When I was a child the socialists etc。 had substituted

aristocracy with capitalists and today; in France; when the

capitalists have largely disappeared; a great many evils are caused by

the 'patronat'。 (SR)。



'26' Moniteur (session of June 22)。



'27' The words of Brissot (Patriote Fran?ais); number 887。  Letter

addressed Jan。 5 to the club of Brest; by Messrs。 Cavalier and

Malassis; deputies to the National Assembly: 〃As to the matter of the

sieur Lajaille; even though we would have taken an interest in him;

that decorated aristocrat only deserved what he got。 。 。 We shall not

remain idle until all these traitors; these perjurers; whom we have

spared so long; shall be exterminated〃 (Mercure de France; Feb。 4)。 

This Jaille affair is one of the most instructive; and the best

supported by documents (Mercure de France; Dec。10 and 17)。 

〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3215; official report of the district

administrators; and of the municipal officers of Brest; Nov。 27; 1791。

 Letter by M。 de Marigny; commissary in the navy; at Brest; Nov。 28。

 Letters by M。 de la Jaille; etc。  M。 de la Jaille; sent to Brest

to take command of the Dugay…Trouin; arrives there Nov。27。 While at

dinner; twenty persons enter the room; and announce to him; 〃in the

name of many others;〃 that his presence in Brest is causing trouble;

that he must leave; and that 〃he will not be allowed to take command

of a vessel。〃 He replies; that he will leave the town; as soon as he

has finished his dinner。 Another deputation follows; more numerous

than the first one; and insists on his leaving at once; and they act

as his escort。 He submits; is conducted to the city gates; and there

the escort leaves him。 A mob attacks him; and 〃his body is covered

with contusions。  He is rescued; with great difficulty; by six brave

fellows; of whom one is a pork…dealer; sent to bleed him on the spot。

〃This insurrection is due to an extra meeting of 'The Friends of the

constitution;' held the evening before in the theater; to which the

public were invited。〃 M。 de la Jaille; it must be stated; is not a

proud aristocrat; but a sensible man; in the style of Florian's and

Berquin's heroes。 But just pounded to a jelly; he writes to the

president of the 〃Friends of the Constitution;〃 that; 〃could he have

flown into the bosom of the club; he would have gladly done so; to

convey to it his grateful feelings。 He had accepted his command only

at the solicitation of the Americans in Paris; and of the six

commissioners recently arrived from St。 Domingo。〃  Mercure de

France; April 14; article by Mallet du Pan  〃I have asked in vain for

the vengeance of the law against the assassins of M。 de la Jaille。

The names of the authors of this assault in full daylight; to which

thousands can bear witness; are known to everybody in Brest。

Proceedings have been ordered and begun; but the execution of the

orders is suspended。 More potent than the law; the motionnaires;

protectors of assassins; frighten or paralyze its ministrants。〃



'28' Mercure de France; Nov。 12 (session of Oct。 31st; 1792)。



'29'  Decree of Feb。 8; and others like it; on the details; as; for

instance; that of Feb。 7。



'30' April 9; at the Jacobin Club; Vergniaud; the president; welcomes

and compliments the convicts of Chateau…vieux。



'31'  Mortimer…Ternaux; book I; vol。 I。 (especially the session of

April 15)。



'32' Comtat (or comtat Venaisssin) ancient region in France under

papal authority from 1274 to 1791。(SR)



'33' Moniteur; XII。 335。 … Decree of March 20 (the triumphal entry of

Jourdan and his associates belongs to the next month)。



'34' Moniteur;  XII。 730 (session of June 23)。



'35'  Moniteur; XII。 230 (session of April 12)。



'36' Moniteur。 XI。 6; (session of March 6)。



'37' Moniteur; XI。 123; (session of Jan。 14)



'38'  150 years later these rights were written into the International

Declaration of Human Rights in Paris in 1948。 (SR)。



'39' Mercure de France;  Dec。 23 (session of Dec。 23); p。98。



'40' Moniteur; X。 178 (session of Oct。 20; 1791)。 Information supplied

by the deputies of the Upper and Lower Rhine departments。  M。 Koch

says: 〃An army of émigrés never existed; unless it be a petty

gathering; which took place at Ettenheim; a few leagues from

Strasbourg。 。  。 (This troop) encamped in tents; but only because it

lacked barracks and houses。〃   M。 …; deputy of the lower Rhine;

says: 〃This army at Ettenheim is composed of about five or six hundred

poorly…clad; half…paid men; deserters of all nations; sleeping in

tents; for lack of other shelter; and armed with clubs; for lack of

fire…arms and deserting every day; because money is getting scarce。

The second army; at Worms; under the command of a Condé; is composed

of three hundred gentlemen; and as many valets and grooms。 I have to

add; that the letters which reach me from Strasbourg; containing

extracts of inside information from Frankfort; Munich; Regensburg; and

Vienna; announce the most pacific intentions on the part of the

different courts; since receiving the notification of the king's

submission。〃 The number of armed emigrants increases; but always

remain very small (Moniteur; X。 678; letter of M。 Delatouche; an

eyewitness; Dec。 10)。 〃I suppose that the number of emigrants

scattered around on the territories of the grand…duke of Baden; the

bishop of Spires; the electorates; etc。; amounts to scarcely 4;000

men。〃



'41' Moniteur; X。 418 (session of Nov。 15; 1791)。 Report by the

minister Delessart。 In August; the emperor issued orders against

enlistments; and to send out of the country all Frenchmen under

suspicion; also; in October; to send away the French who formed too

numerous a body at Ath and at Tournay (Now in Belgium)。  Buchez et

Roux; XII。 395; demands of the king; Dec。 14;   Ibid。; XIII。 15; 16;

19; 52; complete satisfaction given by the Elector of Trèves; Jan。 1;

1792; communicated to the Assembly Jan。 6; publication of the

elector's orders in the electorate; Jan。 3。 The French envoy reports

that they are fully executed; which news with the documents; are

communicated to the Assembly; on the 8th; 16; and 19th of January。 

〃 Correspondance de Mirabeau et M。 de la Marck;〃 III。287。 Letter of M。

de Mercy…Argenteau; Jan。 9; 1792。  〃The emperor has promised aid to

the elector; under the express stipulation  that he should begin by

yielding to the demands of the French; as otherwise no assistance

would be given to him in case of attack。〃



'42' Mallet du Pan; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。 254 (February; 1792)。  〃

Correspondance de Mirabeau et du M。 de la Marck;〃 III。 232 (note of M。

de Bacourt)。 On the very day and at the moment of signing the treaty

at Pilnitz; at eleven o'clock in the evening; the Emperor Leopold

wrote to his prime minister; M。 de Kaunitz; 〃that the convention which

he had just signed does not really bind him to anything; that it only

contains insignificant declarations; extorted by the Count d'Artois。〃

He ends by assuring him that 〃neither himself nor his government is in

any way bound by this instrume

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