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impression this gallant and intensely vulgar mediocrity made upon him;

still inspired disgust。 He much preferred to talk with longshoremen;

if need be; than with these scented limbs of the law。〃



'17' Etienne Dumont; 〃Mémoires;〃 40。   Mercure de France; Nov。 19;

1791; Feb。 11 and March 3; 1792。 (articles by Mallet du Pan)。



'18' Moniteur; Dec。 17 (examination at the bar of the house of Rauch;

a pretended labor contractor; whom they are obliged to send off

acquitted)。 Rauch tells them: 〃I have no money; and cannot find a

place where I can sleep at less than 6 sous; because I pee in the

bed。〃  Moniteur; XII。 574。 (session of June 4); report by Chabot: 〃A

peddler from Mortagne; says that a domestic coming from Coblentz told

him that there was a troop about to carry off the king and poison him;

so as to throw the odium of it on the National Assembly。〃 Bernassais

de Poitiers writes: 〃A brave citizen told me last evening: 'I have

been to see a servant…girl; living with a noble。 She assured me that

her master was going to…night to Paris; to join the 30;000; who; in

about a month; meant to cut the throats of the National Assembly and

set fire to every corner of Paris!'〃 … 〃M。 Gerard; a saddler at

Amiens; writes to us that Louis XVI is to be aided in his flight by

5;000 relays; and that afterwards they are going to fire red…hot

bullets on the National Assembly。〃



'19' Mercure de France; Nov。 5; 1791 (session of Oct。 25)。  Ibid。;

Dec。 23。…Moniteur; XII。 192 (session of April 21; 1792)。  XII。 447

(address to the French; by Clootz): 〃God brought order out of

primitive chaos; the French will bring order out of feudal chaos。 God

is mighty; and manifested his will; we are mighty; and we will

manifest our will。 。 。 The more extensive the seat of war the sooner;

and more fortunately; will the suit of plebeians against the nobles be

decided。 。 。 We require enemies; 。 。 Savoy; Tuscany; and quickly;

quickly!〃



'20' Cf。 Moniteur; XI。 192 (sitting of Jan。 22; 1792)。 〃M。 Burnet;

chaplain of the national guard; presents himself at the bar of the

house with an English woman; named Lydia Kirkham; and three small

children; one of which is in her arms。 M。 Burnet announces that she is

his wife and that the child in her arms is the fruit of their

affection。 After referring to the force of natural sentiments which he

could not resist; the petitioner thus continues: 'One day; I met one

of those sacred questioners。 Unfortunate man; said he; of what are you

guilty? Of this child; sir; and I have married this woman; who is a

Protestant; and her religion has nothing to do with mine。 。 。 Death or

my wife! Such is the cry that nature now and always will; inspire me

with。〃 … The petitioner receives the honors of the Assembly。 … (Ibid。;

XII 369)。



'21' The grotesque is often that of a farce。 〃M。 Piorry; in the name

of poor; but virtuous citizens; tenders two pairs of buckles; with

this motto: 'They have served to hold the shoe…straps on my feet; they

will serve to reduce under them; with the imprint and character of

truth; all tyrants leagued against the constitution' (Moniteur; XII。

457; session of May 21)〃 … Ibid。; XIII。 249 (session of July 25)。 〃A

young citoyenne offers to combat; in person; against the enemies of

her country;〃 and the president; with a gallant air; replies: 〃Made

rather to soothe; than to combat tyrants; your offer; etc。〃



'22' Moniteur; XL 576 (session of March 6); XII。 237; 314; 368

(sessions of April 27; May 5 and 14)。



'23' Mercure de France。 Sept。 19;1791; Feb。11; and March  3; 1792。 

Buchez et Roux; XVI 185 (session of July 26; 1792)。



'24' 〃Mémoires de Mallet du Pan;〃 1433 (tableau of the three parties;

with special information)。



'25' Buchez et Roux; XII。 348 (letter by the deputy Chéron; president

of the Feuillants Club)。 The deputies of the Legislative Assembly;

registered at the Feuillants Club; number 264 besides a large number

of deputies in the Constituent Assembly。  According to Mallet du Pan

the so…called Independents number 250。



'26' These figures are verified by decisive ballottings (Mortimer…

Ternauz; II。 205; 348。)



'27' Moniteur; XII。 393 (session of May 15; speech by Isnard): 〃The

Constituent Assembly only half dared do what it had the power to do。

It has left in the field of liberty; even around the very roots of the

young constitutional tree; the old roots of despotism and of the

aristocracy 。 。 。  It has bound us to the trunk of the constitutional

tree; like powerless victims given up to the rage of their enemies。〃 …

… Etienne Dumont saw truly the educational defects peculiar to the

party。  He says; apropos of Madame Roland: 〃I found in her too much of

that distrustful despotism which belongs to ignorance of the world 。 。

。 What her intellectual development lacked was a greater knowledge of

the world and intercourse with men of superior judgment to her own。

Roland himself had little intellectual breadth; while all those who

frequented her house never rose above the prejudices of the vulgar。〃



'28'  〃Souvenirs〃; by PASQUIER (Etienne…Dennis; duc); chancelier de

France。 in VI volumes; Librarie Plon;  Paris 1893。



'29' Madame de Stael; 〃Considerations sur la Révolution Fran?aise;

IIIrd part; ch。 III。…Madame de Sta?l conversed with them and judges

them according to the shrewd perceptions of a woman of the world。



'30' Louvet; 〃Mémoires〃 32。 〃I belonged to the bold philosophers who;

before the end of 1791; lamented the fate of a great nation; compelled

to stop half…way in the career of freedom;〃 and; on page 38  〃A

minister of justice was needed。 The four ministers (Roland; Servane;

etc。) 〃cast their eyes on me。 。 。 Duranthon was preferred to me。 This

was the first mistake of the republican party。 It paid dear for it。

That mistake cost my country a good deal of blood and many tears。〃

Later on; he thinks that he has the qualifications for ambassador to

Constantinople。



'31' Buzot; 〃Mémoires〃 (Ed。 Dauban); pp。31; 39。 〃Born with a proud and

independent spirit which never bowed at any one's command; how could I

accept the idea of a man being held sacred? With my heart and head

possessed by the great beings of the ancient republics; who are the

greatest honor to the human species; I practiced their maxims from my

earliest years; and nourished myself on a study of their virtues。 。 。

The pretended necessity of a monarchy 。 。 。 could not amalgamate; in

my mind; with the grand and noble conceptions formed by me; of the

dignity of the human species。 Hope deceived me; it is true; but my

error was too glorious to allow me to repent of  it。〃 … Self…

admiration is likewise the mental substratum of Madame Roland; Roland;

Pétion; Barbaroux; Louvet; etc。; (see their writings)。 Mallet du Pan

well says: 〃On reading the memoirs of Madame Roland; one detects the

actress; rehearsing for the stage。 〃  Roland is an administrative

puppet and would…be orator; whose wife pulls the strings。 There is an

odd; dull streak in him; peculiarly his own。 For example; in 1787

(Guillon de Montléon; 〃Histoire de la ville de Lyon; pendant la

Révolution;〃 1。58); he proposes to utilize the dead; by converting

them into oil and phosphoric acid。 In 1788; he proposes to the

Villefranche Academy to inquire 〃whether it would not be to the public

advantage to institute tribunals for trying the dead?〃 in imitation of

the Egyptians。 In his report of Jan。 5; 1792; he gives a plan for

establishing public festivals; 〃in imitation of the Spartans;〃 and

takes for a motto; Non omnis moriar (Baron de Girardot; 〃Roland and

Madame Roland〃。 I。 83; 185)



'32'  Political club uniting moderate and constitutional monarchists。

They got their nickname because they held  their meetings in the old

convent formerly used by the feullants; a branch of Cistercians who;

led by  LaBarrière; broke away in 1577。 The Feuillant Club was

dissolved in 1791。 (SR)。



'33' Moniteur;  XI。 61 (session of Jan 7; 1792)。 … Ibid。; 204 (Jan。

25); 281 (Feb。 1); 310 (Feb。 4); 318 (Feb。 6); 343 (Feb。 9); 487 (Feb。

26)。 … XII。 22 (April 2)。 Reports of all the sessions must be read to

appreciate the force of the pressure。 See; especially; the sessions of

April 9 and 16; May 15 and 29; June 8; 9; 15; and 25; July 1; 2; 5; 9;

11; 17; 18; and 21; and; after this date; all the sessions。 …

Lacretelle; 〃Dix Ans d'Epreuves;〃 p。 78…81。 〃The Legislative Assembly

served under the Jacobin Club while keeping up a counterfeit air of

independence。 The progress which fear had made in the French character

was very great; at a time when everything was pitched in the

haughtiest key。 。 。 The majority; as far as intentions go; was for the

conservatives; the actual majority was for the republicans。〃



'34' Moniteur; XIII。 212; session of July 22。



'35' Moniteur;  XII。 22; session of April 2。 … Mortimer…Ternaux; II。

95。 … Moniteur;  XIII。 222; session of July 22。



'36'  Lacretell

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