romulus-第3部分

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worthy　of　being　received　and　incorporated　as　citizens　among　them
plainly　appears　from　the　matter　of　the　women；　an　attempt　made　not
wantonly　but　of　necessity；　because　they　could　not　get　wives　by
good…will。　For　they　certainly　paid　unusual　respect　and　honour　to　those
whom　they　thus　forcibly　seized。
　　Not　long　after　the　first　foundation　of　the　city；　they　opened　a
sanctuary　of　refuge　for　all　fugitives；　which　they　called　the　temple　of
the　god　Asylaeus；　where　they　received　and　protected　all；　delivering
none　back；　neither　the　servant　to　his　master；　the　debtor　to　his
creditor；　nor　the　murderer　into　the　hands　of　the　magistrate；　saying　it
was　a　privileged　place；　and　they　could　so　maintain　it　by　an　order　of
the　holy　oracle；　insomuch　that　the　city　grew　presently　very
populous；　for　they　say；　it　consisted　at　first　of　no　more　than　a
thousand　houses。　But　of　that　hereafter。
　　Their　minds　being　full　bent　upon　building；　there　arose　presently　a
difference　about　the　place。　Romulus　chose　what　was　called　Roma
Quadrata；　or　the　Square　Rome；　and　would　have　the　city　there。　Remus
laid　out　a　piece　of　ground　on　the　Aventine　Mount；　well　fortified　by
nature；　which　was　from　him　called　Remonium；　but　now　Rignarium。
Concluding　at　last　to　decide　the　contest　by　a　divination　from　a　flight
of　birds；　and　placing　themselves　apart　at　some　distance。　Remus；　they
say；　saw　six　vultures；　and　Romulus　double　that　number；　others　say；
Remus　did　truly　see　his　number；　and　that　Romulus　feigned　his；　but　when
Remus　came　to　him；　that　then　he　did　indeed　see　twelve。　Hence　it　is
that　the　Romans；　in　their　divinations　from　birds；　chiefly　regard　the
vulture；　though　Herodorus　Ponticus　relates　that　Hercules　was　always
very　joyful　when　a　vulture　appeared　to　him　upon　any　action。　For　it
is　a　creature　the　least　hurtful　of　any；　pernicious　neither　to　corn；
fruit…tree；　nor　cattle；　it　preys　only　upon　carrion；　and　never　kills　or
hurts　any　living　thing；　and　as　for　birds；　it　touches　not　them；
though　they　are　dead；　as　being　of　its　own　species；　whereas　eagles；
owls；　and　hawks　mangle　and　kill　their　own　fellow…creatures；　yet；　as
Aeschylus　says；…

　　　　　　　　〃What　bird　is　clean　that　preys　on　fellow　bird？〃

Besides；　all　other　birds　are；　so　to　say；　never　out　of　our　eyes；　they
let　themselves　be　seen　of　us　continually；　but　a　vulture　is　a　very　rare
sight；　and　you　can　seldom　meet　with　a　man　that　has　seen　their　young；
their　rarity　and　infrequency　has　raised　a　strange　opinion　in　some；
that　they　come　to　us　from　some　other　world；　as　soothsayers　ascribe　a
divine　origination　to　all　things　not　produced　either　of　nature　or　of
themselves。
　　When　Remus　knew　the　cheat；　he　was　much　displeased；　and　as　Romulus
was　casting　up　a　ditch；　where　he　designed　the　foundation　of　the
city…wall；　he　turned　some　pieces　of　the　work　to　ridicule；　and
obstructed　others；　at　last；　as　he　was　in　contempt　leaping　over　it；
some　say　Romulus　himself　struck　him；　others　Celer；　one　of　his
companions；　he　fell；　however；　and　in　the　scuffle　Faustulus　also　was
slain；　and　Plistinus；　who；　being　Faustulus's　brother；　story　tells
us；　helped　to　bring　up　Romulus。　Celer　upon　this　fled　instantly　into
Tuscany；　and　from　him　the　Romans　call　all　men　that　are　swift　of　feet
Celeres；　and　because　Quintus　Metellus；　at　his　father's　funeral；　in　a
few　days'　time　gave　the　people　a　show　of　gladiators；　admiring　his
expedition　in　getting　it　ready；　they　gave　him　the　name　of　Celer。
　　Romulus；　having　buried　his　brother　Remus；　together　with　his　two
foster…fathers；　on　the　mount　Remonia；　set　to　building　his　city；　and
sent　for　men　out　of　Tuscany；　who　directed　him　by　sacred　usages　and
written　rules　in　all　the　ceremonies　to　be　observed；　as　in　a
religious　rite。　First；　they　dug　a　round　trench　about　that　which　is　now
the　Comitium；　or　Court　of　Assembly；　and　into　it　solemnly　threw　the
first…fruits　of　all　things　either　good　by　custom　or　necessary　by
nature；　lastly；　every　man　taking　a　small　piece　of　earth　of　the　country
from　whence　he　came；　they　all　threw　in　promiscuously　together。　This
trench　they　call；　as　they　do　the　heavens；　Mundus；　making　which　their
centre；　they　described　the　city　in　a　circle　round　it。　Then　the　founder
fitted　to　a　plough　a　brazen　ploughshare；　and；　yoking　together　a　bull
and　a　cow；　drove　himself　a　deep　line　or　furrow　round　the　bounds；　while
the　business　of　those　that　followed　after　was　to　see　that　whatever
earth　was　thrown　up　should　be　turned　all　inwards　towards　the　city；　and
not　to　let　any　clod　lie　outside。　With　this　line　they　described　the
wall；　and　called　it；　by　a　contraction；　Pomoerium；　that　is；
postmurum；　after　or　beside　the　wall；　and　where　they　designed　to　make　a
gate；　there　they　took　out　the　share；　carried　the　plough　over；　and　left
a　space；　for　which　reason　they　consider　the　whole　wall　as　holy；　except
where　the　gates　are；　for　had　they　adjudged　them　also　sacred；　they
could　not；　without　offence　to　religion；　have　given　free　ingress　and
egress　for　the　necessaries　of　human　life；　some　of　which　are　in
themselves　unclean。
　　As　for　the　day　they　began　to　build　the　city；　it　is　universally
agreed　to　have　been　the　twenty…first　of　April；　and　that　day　the　Romans
annually　keep　holy；　calling　it　their　country's　birthday。　At　first；
they　say；　they　sacrificed　no　living　creature　on　this　day；　thinking
it　fit　to　preserve　the　feast　of　their　country's　birthday　pure　and
without　stain　of　blood。　Yet　before　ever　the　city　was　built；　there
was　a　feast　of　herdsmen　and　shepherds　kept　on　this　day；　which　went
by　the　name　of　Palilia。　The　Roman　and　Greek　months　have　now　little
or　no　agreement；　they　say；　however；　the　day　on　which　Romulus　began
to　build　was　quite　certainly　the　thirtieth　of　the　month；　at　which　time
there　was　an　eclipse　of　the　sun　which　they　conceived　to　be　that　seen
by　Antimachus；　the　Teian　poet；　in　the　third　year　of　the　sixth
Olympiad。　In　the　times　of　Varro　the　philosopher；　a　man　deeply　read
in　Roman　history；　lived　one　Tarrutius；　his　familiar　acquaintance；　a
good　philosopher　and　mathematician；　and　one；　too；　that　out　of
curiosity　had　studied　the　way　of　drawing　schemes　and　tables；　and　was
thought　to　be　a　proficient　in　the　art；　to　him　Varro　propounded　to　cast
Romulus's　nativity；　even　to　the　first　day　and　hour；　making　his
deductions　from　the　several　events　of　the　man's　life　which　he　should
be　informed　of；　exactly　as　in　working　back　a　geometrical　problem；
for　it　belonged；　he　said；　to　the　same　science　both　to　foretell　a　man's
life　by　knowing　the　time　of　his　birth；　and　also　to　find　out　his
birth　by　the　knowledge　of　his　life。　This　task　Tarrutius　undertook；　and
first　looking　into　the　actions　and　casualties　of　the　man；　together
with　the　time　of　his　life　and　manner　of　his　death；　and　then
comparing　all　these　remarks　together；　he　very　confidently　and
positively　pronounced　that　Romulus　was　conceived　in　his　mother's
womb　the　first　year　of　the　second　Olympiad；　the　twenty…third　day　of
the　month　the　Aegyptians　call　Choeac；　and　the　third　hour　after　sunset；
at　which　time　there　was　a　total　eclipse　of　the　sun；　that　he　was　born
the　twenty…first　day　of　the　month　Thoth；　about　sunrising；　and　that　the
first　stone　of　Rome　was　laid　by　him　the　ninth　day　of　the　month
Pharmuthi；　between　the　second　and　third　hour。　For　the　fortunes　of
cities　as　well　as　of　men；　they　think；　have　their　certain　periods　of
time　prefixed；　which　may　be　collected　and　foreknown　from　the
position　of　the　stars　at　their　first　foundation。　But　these　and　the
like　relations　may　perhaps　not　so　much　take　and　delight　the　reader
with　their　novelty　and　curiosity；　as　offend　him　by　their　extravagance。
　　The　city　now　being　built；　Romulus　enlisted　all　that　were　of　age　to
bear　arms　into　military　companies；　each　company　consisting　of　three
thousand　footmen　and　three　hundred　horse。　These　companies　were
called　legions；　because　they　were　the　choicest　and　most　select　of
the　people　for　fighting　men。　The　rest　of　the　multitude　he　called　the
people；　an　hundred　of　the　most　eminent　he　chose　for　counsellors；　these
he　styled　patricians；　and　their　assembly　the　senate；　which　signifies　a
council　of　elders。　The　patricians；　some　say；　were　so　called　because
they　were　the　fathers　of　lawful　children；　others；　because　they　could
give　a　good　account　who　their　own　fathers　were；　which　not　every　one　of
the　rabble　that　poured　into　the　city　at　first　could　do；　others；　from
patronage；　their　word　for　protection　of　inferiors；　the　origin　of　which
they　attribute　to　Patron；　one　of　those　that　came　over　with　Evander；
who　was　a　great　protector　and　defender　of　the　weak　and　needy。　But
perhaps　the　most　probable　judgment　might　be；　that　Romulus；　esteeming
it　the　duty　of　the　chiefest　and　wealthiest　men；　with　a　fatherly　care
and　concern　to　look　after　the　meaner；　and　also　encouraging　the
commonalty　not　to　dread　or　be　aggrieved　at　the　honours　of　their
superiors；　but　to　love　and　respect　them；　and　to　think　and　call　them
their　fathers；　might　from　hence　give　them　the　name　of　patricians。
For　at　this　very　time　all　foreigners　give　senators　the　style　of　lords；
but　the　Romans；　making　use　of　a　more　honourable　and　less　invidious
name；　call　them　Patres　Conscripti；　at　first；　indeed；　simply　Patres；
but　afterwards；　more　being　added；　Patres　Conscripti。　By　this　more
imposing　title　he　distinguished　the　senate　fro