letters to his son, 1756-58-第1部分
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Letters to His Son； 1756…58
by The Earl of Chesterfield
LETTERS TO HIS SON
By the EARL OF CHESTERFIELD
on the Fine Art of becoming a
MAN OF THE WORLD
and a
GENTLEMAN
LETTER CCIII
BATH； November 15； 1756
MY DEAR FRIEND： I received yours yesterday morning together with the Prussian； papers； which I have read with great attention。 If courts could blush； those of Vienna and Dresden ought； to have their false hoods so publicly； and so undeniably exposed。 The former will； I presume； next year； employ an hundred thousand men； to answer the accusation； and if the Empress of the two Russias is pleased to argue in the same cogent manner； their logic will be too strong for all the King of Prussia's rhetoric。 I well remember the treaty so often referred to in those pieces； between the two Empresses； in 1746。 The King was strongly pressed by the Empress Queen to accede to it。 Wassenaer communicated it to me for that purpose。 I asked him if there were no secret articles； suspecting that there were some； because the ostensible treaty was a mere harmless； defensive one。 He assured me that there were none。 Upon which I told him； that as the King had already defensive alliances with those two Empresses； I did not see of what use his accession to this treaty； if merely a defensive one； could be； either to himself or the other contracting parties； but that； however； if it was only desired as an indication of the King's good will； I would give him an act by which his Majesty should accede to that treaty； as far； but no further； as at present he stood engaged to the respective Empresses by the defensive alliances subsisting with each。 This offer by no means satisfied him； which was a plain proof of the secret articles now brought to light； and into which the court of Vienna hoped to draw us。 I told Wassenaer so； and after that I heard no more of his invitation。
I am still bewildered in the changes at Court； of which I find that all the particulars are not yet fixed。 Who would have thought； a year ago； that Mr。 Fox； the Chancellor； and the Duke of Newcastle； should all three have quitted together？ Nor can I yet account for it； explain it to me if you can。 I cannot see； neither； what the Duke of Devonshire and Fox； whom I looked upon as intimately united； can have quarreled about； with relation to the Treasury； inform me； if you know。 I never doubted of the prudent versatility of your Vicar of Bray： But I am surprised at O'Brien Windham's going out of the Treasury； where I should have thought that the interest of his brother…in…law； George Grenville； would have kept him。
Having found myself rather worse； these two or three last days； I was obliged to take some ipecacuanha last night； and； what you will think odd； for a vomit； I brought it all up again in about an hour； to my great satisfaction and emolument； which is seldom the case in restitutions。
You did well to go to the Duke of Newcastle； who； I suppose； will have no more levees； however； go from time to time； and leave your name at his door； for you have obligations to him。 Adieu。
LETTER CCIV
BATH； December 14； 1756。
MY DEAR FRIEND： What can I say to you from this place； where EVERY DAY IS STILL BUT AS THE FIRST； though by no means so agreeably passed； as Anthony describes his to have been？ The same nothings succeed one another every day with me； as； regularly and uniformly as the hours of the day。 You will think this tiresome； and so it is； but how can I help it？ Cut off from society by my deafness； and dispirited by my ill health； where could I be better？ You will say； perhaps； where could you be worse？ Only in prison； or the galleys； I confess。 However； I see a period to my stay here； and I have fixed； in my own mind； a time for my return to London； not invited there by either politics or pleasures； to both which I am equally a stranger； but merely to be at home； which； after all； according to the vulgar saying； is home； be it ever so homely。
The political settlement； as it is called； is； I find； by no means settled； Mr。 Fox； who took this place in his way to his brother's； where he intended to pass a month； was stopped short by an express； which he received from his connection； to come to town immediately； and accordingly he set out from hence very early； two days ago。 I had a very long conversation with him； in which he was； seemingly at least； very frank and communicative； but still I own myself in the dark。 In those matters； as in most others； half knowledge （and mine is at most that） is more apt to lead one into error； than to carry one to truth； and our own vanity contributes to the seduction。 Our conjectures pass upon us for truths； we will know what we do not know； and often； what we cannot know： so mortifying to our pride is the bare suspicion of ignorance！
It has been reported here that the Empress of Russia is dying； this would be a fortunate event indeed for the King of Prussia； and necessarily produce the neutrality and inaction； at least； of that great power； which would be a heavy weight taken out of the opposite scale to the King of Prussia。 The 'Augustissima' must； in that case； do all herself； for though France will； no doubt； promise largely； it will； I believe； perform but scantily； as it desires no better than that the different powers of Germany should tear one another to pieces。
I hope you frequent all the courts： a man should make his face familiar there。 Long habit produces favor insensibly； and acquaintance often does more than friendship； in that climate where 'les beaux sentimens' are not the natural growth。
Adieu！ I am going to the ball； to save my eyes from reading； and my mind from thinking。
LETTERS TO HIS SON
LETTER CCV
BATH； January 12； 1757
MY DEAR FRIEND： I waited quietly； to see when either your leisure； or your inclinations； would al low you to honor me with a letter； and at last I received one this morning； very near a fortnight after you went from hence。 You will say； that you had no news to write me； and that probably may be true； but； without news； one has always something to say to those with whom one desires to have anything to do。
Your observation is very just with regard to the King of Prussia； whom the most august House of Austria would most unquestionably have poisoned a century or two ago。 But now that 'terras Astraea reliquit'； kings and princes die of natural deaths； even war is pusillanimously carried on in this degenerate age； quarter is given； towns are taken； and the people spared： even in a storm； a woman can hardly hope for the benefit of a rape。 Whereas （such was the humanity of former days） prisoners were killed by thousands in cold blood； and the generous victors spared neither man； woman； nor child。 Heroic actions of this kind were performed at the taking of Magdebourg。 The King of Prussia is certainly now in a situation that must soon decide his fate； and make him Caesar or nothing。 Notwithstanding the march of the Russians； his great danger； in my mind； lies westward。 I have no great notions of Apraxin's abilities； and I believe many a Prussian colonel would out…general him。 But Brown； Piccolomini； Lucchese； and many other veteran officers in the Austrian troops； are respectable enemies。
Mr。 Pitt seems to me to have almost as many enemies to encounter as his Prussian Majesty。 The late Ministry； and the Duke's party； will； I presume； unite against him and his Tory friends； and then quarrel among themselves again。 His best； if not his only chance of supporting himself would be； if he had credit enough in the city； to hinder the advancing of the money to any administration but his own； and I have met with some people here who think that he has。
I have put off my journey from hence for a week； but no longer。 I find I still gain some strength and some flesh here； and therefore I will not cut while the run is for me。
By a letter which I received this morning from Lady Allen； I observe that you are extremely well with her； and it is well for you to be so； for she is an excellent and warm puff。
'A propos' （an expression which is commonly used to introduce whatever is unrelative to it） you should apply to some of Lord Holderness's people； for the perusal of Mr。 Cope's letters。 It would not be refused you； and the sooner you have them the better。 I do not mean them as models for your manner of writing； but as outlines of the matter you are to write upon。
If you have not read Hume's 〃Essays〃 read them； they are four very small volumes； I have just finished； and am extremely pleased with them。 He thinks impartially； deep； often new； and； in my mind； commonly just。 Adieu。
LETTER CCVI
BLACKHEATH； September 17； 1757
MY DEAR FRIEND： Lord Holderness has been so kind as to communicate to me all the letters which he has received from you hitherto； dated the 15th； 19th； 23d； and 26th August； and also a draught of that which he wrote to you the 9th instant。 I am very well pleased with all your letters； and； what is better； I can tel
