coriolanus-第3部分

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how　the　Volscians　had　arrayed　their　army　and　where　they　had　placed
their　best　men　and　on　his　answering　that　he　took　the　troops　of　the
Antiates　in　the　centre　to　be　their　prime　warriors　that　would　yield
to　none　in　bravery；　〃Let　me　demand　and　obtain　of　you；〃　said　Marcius；
〃that　we　may　be　posted　against　them。〃　The　consul　granted　the
request；　with　much　admiration　for　his　gallantry。　And　when　the　conflict
began　by　the　soldiers　darting　at　each　other；　and　Marcius　sallied　out
before　the　rest　the　Volscians　opposed　to　him　were　not　able　to　make
head　against　him；　wherever　he　fell　in；　he　broke　their　ranks；　and
made　a　lane　through　them；　but　the　parties　turning　again；　and　enclosing
him　on　each　side　with　their　weapons；　the　consul；　who　observed　the
danger　he　was　in　despatched　some　of　the　choicest　men　he　had　for　his
rescue。　The　conflict　then　growing　warm　and　sharp　about　Marcius　and
many　falling　dead　in　a　little　space；　the　Romans　bore　so　hard　upon
their　enemies；　and　pressed　them　with　such　violence；　that　they　forced
them　at　length　to　abandon　their　ground；　and　to　quit　the　field。　And
going　now　to　prosecute　the　victory；　they　besought　Marcius；　tired　out
with　his　toils；　and　faint　and　heavy　through　the　loss　of　blood；　that　he
would　retire　to　the　camp。　He　replied；　however；　that　weariness　was
not　for　conquerors；　and　joined　with　them　in　the　pursuit。　The　rest　of
the　Volscian　army　was　in　like　manner　defeated；　great　numbers　killed；
and　no　less　taken　captive。
　　The　day　after；　when　Marcius；　with　the　rest　of　the　army；　presented
themselves　at　the　consul's　tent；　Cominius　rose；　and　having　rendered
all　due　acknowledgment　to　the　gods　for　the　success　of　that　enterprise；
turned　next　to　Marcius；　and　first　of　all　delivered　the　strongest
encomium　upon　his　rare　exploits；　which　he　had　partly　been　an
eye…witness　of　himself；　in　the　late　battle；　and　had　partly　learned
from　the　testimony　of　Lartius。　And　then　he　required　him　to　choose　a
tenth　part　of　all　the　treasure　and　horses　and　captives　that　had　fallen
into　their　hands；　before　any　division　should　be　made　to　others；
besides　which；　he　made　him　the　special　present　of　a　horse　with
trappings　and　ornaments；　in　honour　of　his　actions。　The　whole　army
applauded；　Marcius；　however；　stepped　forth；　and　declaring　his　thankful
acceptance　of　the　horse；　and　his　gratification　at　the　praises　of　his
general；　said；　that　all　other　things；　which　he　could　only　regard
rather　as　mercenary　advantages　than　any　significations　of　honour；　he
must　waive；　and　should　be　content　with　the　ordinary　proportion　of　such
rewards。　〃I　have　only；〃　said　he；　〃one　special　grace　to　beg；　and　this　I
hope　you　will　not　deny　me。　There　was　a　certain　hospitable　friend　of
mine　among　the　Volscians；　a　man　of　probity　and　virtue；　who　is　become　a
prisoner；　and　from　former　wealth　and　freedom　is　now　reduced　to
servitude。　Among　his　many　misfortunes　let　my　intercession　redeem　him
from　the　one　of　being　sold　as　a　common　slave。〃　Such　a　refusal　and　such
a　request　on　the　part　of　Marcius　were　followed　with　yet　louder
acclamations；　and　he　had　many　more　admirers　of　this　generous
superiority　to　avarice；　than　of　the　bravery　he　had　shown　in　battle。
The　very　persons　who　conceived　some　envy　and　despite　to　see　him　so
specially　honoured；　could　not　but　acknowledge；　that　one　who　so　nobly
could　refuse　reward；　was　beyond　others　worthy　to　receive　it；　and
were　more　charmed　with　that　virtue　which　made　him　despise　advantage；
than　with　any　of　those　former　actions　that　have　gained　him　his　title
to　it。　It　is　the　higher　accomplishment　to　use　money　well　than　to　use
arms；　but　not　to　need　it　is　more　noble　than　to　use　it。
　　When　the　noise　of　approbation　and　applause　ceased；　Cominius；
resuming；　said：　〃It　is　idle；　fellow…soldiers；　to　force　and　obtrude
those　other　gifts　of　ours　on　one　who　is　unwilling　to　accept　them；
let　us；　therefore；　give　him　one　of　such　a　kind　that　he　cannot　well
reject　it；　let　us　pass　a　vote；　I　mean；　that　he　shall　hereafter　be
called　Coriolanus；　unless　you　think　that　his　performance　at　Corioli
has　itself　anticipated　any　such　resolution。〃　Hence；　therefore；　he
had　this　third　name　of　Coriolanus；　making　it　all　the　plainer　that
Caius　was　a　personal　proper　name；　and　the　second；　or　surname；　Marcius；
one　common　to　his　house　and　family；　the　third　being　a　subsequent
addition　which　used　to　be　imposed　either　from　some　particular　act　or
fortune；　bodily　characteristic；　or　good　quality　of　the　bearer。　Just　as
the　Greeks；　too；　gave　additional　names　in　old　time；　in　some　cases　from
some　achievement；　Soter；　for　example；　and　Callinicus；　or　personal
appearance；　as　Physcon　and　Grypus；　good　qualities；　Euergetes　and
Philadelphus；　good　fortune；　Eudaemon；　the　title　of　the　second
Battus。　Several　monarchs　have　also　had　names　given　them　in　mockery；　as
Antigonus　was　called　Doson；　and　Ptolemy；　Lathyrus。　This　sort　of
title　was　yet　more　common　among　the　Romans。　One　of　the　Metelli　was
surnamed　Diadematus；　because　he　walked　about　for　a　long　time　with　a
bandage　on　his　head　to　conceal　a　scar；　and　another；　of　the　same
family；　got　the　name　of　Celer；　from　the　rapidity　he　displayed　in
giving　a　funeral　entertainment　of　gladiators　within　a　few　days　after
his　father's　death；　his　speed　and　energy　in　doing　which　was　thought
extraordinary。　There　are　some；　too；　who　even　at　this　day　take　names
from　certain　casual　incidents　at　their　nativity：　a　child　that　is
born　when　his　father　is　away　from　home　is　called　Proculus；　or
Postumus；　if　after　his　decease；　and　when　twins　come　into　the　world；
and　one　dies　at　the　birth；　the　survivor　has　the　name　of　Vopiscus。　From
bodily　peculiarities　they　derive　not　only　their　Syllas　and　Nigers；　but
their　Caeci　and　Claudii；　wisely　endeavouring　to　accustom　their
people　not　to　reckon　either　the　loss　of　sight；　or　any　other　bodily
misfortune；　as　a　matter　of　disgrace　to　them；　but　to　answer　to　such
names　without　shame；　as　if　they　were　really　their　own。　But　this
discussion　better　befits　another　place。
　　The　war　against　the　Volscians　was　no　sooner　at　an　end；　than　the
popular　orators　revived　domestic　troubles；　and　raised　another
sedition；　without　any　new　cause　or　complaint　or　just　grievance　to
proceed　upon；　but　merely　turning　the　very　mischiefs　that　unavoidably
ensued　from　their　former　contests　into　a　pretext　against　the
patricians。　The　greatest　part　of　their　arable　land　had　been　left
unsown　and　without　tillage；　and　the　time　of　war　allowing　them　no　means
or　leisure　to　import　provision　from　other　countries；　there　was　an
extreme　scarcity。　The　movers　of　the　people　then　observing　that　there
was　no　corn　to　be　bought；　and　that　if　there　had　been　they　had　no　money
to　buy　it；　began　to　calumniate　the　wealthy　with　false　stories　and
whisper　it　about；　as　if　they；　out　of　their　malice；　had　purposely
contrived　the　famine。　Meanwhile；　there　came　an　embassy　from　the
Velitrani；　proposing　to　deliver　up　their　city　to　the　Romans；　and
desiring　they　would　send　some　new　inhabitants　to　people　it；　as　a
late　pestilential　disease　had　swept　away　so　many　of　the　natives；
that　there　was　hardly　a　tenth　part　remaining　of　their　whole　community。
This　necessity　of　the　Velitrani　was　considered　by　all　more　prudent
people　as　most　opportune　in　the　present　state　of　affairs；　since　the
dearth　made　it　needful　to　ease　the　city　of　its　superfluous　members；
and　they　were　in　hope　also；　at　the　same　time；　to　dissipate　the
gathering　sedition　by　ridding　themselves　of　the　more　violent　and
heated　partisans；　and　discharging；　so　to　say；　the　elements　of
disease　and　disorder　in　the　state。　The　consuls；　therefore；　singled　out
such　citizens　to　supply　the　desolation　at　Velitrae；　and　gave　notice　to
others；　that　they　should　be　ready　to　march　against　the　Volscians；　with
the　politic　design　of　preventing　intestine　broils　by　employment
abroad；　and　in　the　hope　that　when　rich　as　well　as　poor；　plebeians
and　patricians；　should　be　mingled　again　in　the　same　army　and　the
same　camp；　and　engage　in　one　common　service　for　the　public；　it　would
mutually　dispose　them　to　reconciliation　and　friendship。
　　But　Sicinnius　and　Brutus；　the　popular　orators；　interposed；　crying
out　that　the　consuls　disguised　the　most　cruel　and　barbarous　action
in　the　world　under　that　mild　and　plausible　name　of　a　colony；　and
were　simply　precipitating　so　many　poor　citizens　into　a　mere　pit　of
destruction；　bidding　them　settle　down　in　a　country　where　the　air　was
charged　with　disease；　and　the　ground　covered　with　dead　bodies；　and
expose　themselves　to　the　evil　influence　of　a　strange　and　angered
deity。　And　then；　as　if　it　would　not　satisfy　their　hatred　to　destroy
some　by　hunger；　and　offer　others　to　the　mercy　of　a　plague；　they　must
proceed　to　involve　them　also　in　a　needless　war　of　their　own　making；
that　no　calamity　might　be　wanting　to　complete　the　punishment　of　the
citizens　for　refusing　to　submit　to　that　of　slavery　to　the　rich。
　　By　such　addresses；　the　people　were　so　possessed；　that　none　of　them
would　appear　upon　the　consular　summons　to　be　enlisted　for　the　war；　and
they　showed　entire　aversion　to　the　proposal　for　a　new　plantation；　so
that　the　senate　was　at　a　loss　what　to　say　or　do。　But　Marcius；　who
began　now　to　bear　himself　higher　and　to　feel　confidence　in　his　past
actions；　conscious；　too；　of　the　admiration　of　the　best　and　greatest
men　o