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CHAPTER¡¡XXVIII¡£
ANCIENT¡¡INK¡¡BACKGROUNDS¡¡£¨THE¡¡ORIGIN¡¡OF¡¡PAPYRUS£©¡£
FROM¡¡WHENCE¡¡COMES¡¡THE¡¡NAME¡¡PAPERFIRST¡¡CENTURY
COMMENT¡¡ABOUT¡¡ITKNIGHT'S¡¡COMMENTS¡¡MORE¡¡THAN
1£»800¡¡YEARS¡¡LATERPAPYRUS¡¡AN¡¡EGYPTIAN
REEDNAMES¡¡BESTOWED¡¡BY¡¡ANCIENT¡¡WRITERSTHE
SAME¡¡NAMES¡¡AS¡¡EMPLOYED¡¡IN¡¡MODERN¡¡TIMESLEAVES
OF¡¡PLANTS¡¡PRECEDED¡¡THE¡¡INVENTION¡¡OF¡¡PAPYRUS
WHEN¡¡IT¡¡WAS¡¡THAT¡¡ROLLED¡¡RECORDS¡¡CAME¡¡INTO
VOGUEVARRO'S¡¡ESTIMATION¡¡AS¡¡TO¡¡THE¡¡ORIGINAL¡¡USE
OF¡¡PAPYRUS¡¡NOT¡¡CORRECTREAL¡¡FACTS¡¡RESPECTING
THE¡¡INTRODUCTION¡¡OF¡¡PAPYRUS¡¡BEYOND¡¡THE¡¡LIMITS¡¡OF
EGYPTCHARACTER¡¡OF¡¡MATERIALS¡¡EMPLOYED¡¡BY¡¡THE
GREEKS¡¡BEFORE¡¡THAT¡¡EPOCHEMPLOYMENT¡¡OF¡¡IT
FOR¡¡LITERARY¡¡PURPOSESADOPTION¡¡OF¡¡PARCHMENT
AND¡¡VELLUMPAPYRUS¡¡MSS¡£¡¡EMPLOYED¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡FORM
OF¡¡ROLLS¡¡AND¡¡THE¡¡REASON¡¡FOR¡¡SAMEANCIENT
MANUFACTURE¡¡OF¡¡PAPYRUS¡¡IN¡¡EGYPTSOME¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡NAMES
USED¡¡TO¡¡DESIGNATE¡¡DIFFERENT¡¡KINDSPLINY'S
DESCRIPTION¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡MANUFACTURE¡¡OF¡¡PAPYRUS¡¡AND¡¡HIS
MISINFORMATION¡¡ABOUT¡¡ITWHERE¡¡IT¡¡FLOURISHED
BESTPAPYRUS¡¡AS¡¡KNOWN¡¡TO¡¡THE¡¡HEBREWS¡¡AND¡¡ITS
BIBLICAL¡¡MENTIONMANUFACTURE¡¡OF¡¡PAPYRUS¡¡IN
THE¡¡ANCIENT¡¡CITY¡¡OF¡¡MEMPHISCHARACTERISTICS¡¡OF
THE¡¡PAPER¡¡EMPLOYED¡¡BY¡¡THE¡¡MEXICANSMR¡£¡¡HARRIS'S
DISCOVERY¡¡OF¡¡ANCIENT¡¡FRAGMENTS¡¡OF¡¡PAPYRUS
THE¡¡STORY¡¡ABOUT¡¡IT¡¡AS¡¡TOLD¡¡BY¡¡THE¡¡LONDON
ATHENaeUMDATES¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡OLDEST¡¡KNOWN¡¡SPECIMENS
OF¡¡GREEK¡¡PAPYRIDATE¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡FIRST¡¡DISCOVERY
OF¡¡GREEK¡¡PAPYRIUSE¡¡OF¡¡OTHER¡¡PLIABLE¡¡MATERIALS
WITH¡¡PAPYRUSHOW¡¡THEY¡¡WERE¡¡PREPARED
FOR¡¡WRITING¡¡PURPOSESDOUBTS¡¡AS¡¡TO¡¡TIME¡¡THAT
ROLLED¡¡RECORDS¡¡SUPERSEDED¡¡TABLET¡¡FORMSSUGGESTIONS
BY¡¡NOEL¡¡HUMPHREYSVIEWS¡¡ENTERTAINED
BY¡¡EARLIER¡¡WRITERS¡£
THE¡¡name¡¡paper¡¡is¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡papyrus£»¡¡a¡¡reed
grown¡¡in¡¡Egypt£»¡¡whose¡¡stalk¡¡furnished¡¡for¡¡so¡¡many
centuries¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡material¡¡for¡¡writing¡¡upon¡¡to
the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡that¡¡country¡¡and¡¡those¡¡bordering¡¡on
the¡¡Mediterranean¡¡Sea¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡first¡¡century¡¡of¡¡the
Christian¡¡era¡¡the¡¡younger¡¡Pliny¡¡remarks£º
¡¨All¡¡the¡¡usages¡¡of¡¡civilized¡¡life¡¡depend¡¡in¡¡a
remarkable¡¡degree¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡employment¡¡of¡¡paper¡£
At¡¡all¡¡events£»¡¡the¡¡remembrance¡¡of¡¡past¡¡events¡£¡¨
A¡¡statement¡¡which¡¡has¡¡caused¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Knight¡¡to¡¡make
the¡¡following¡¡comment£º
¡¨This¡¡observation£»¡¡undoubtedly¡¡true¡¡1£»800¡¡years
ago£»¡¡is¡¡much¡¡more¡¡remarkably¡¡so¡¡now£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡in
considering¡¡that¡¡paper¡¡as¡¡we¡¡now¡¡understand¡¡it
was¡¡entirely¡¡unknown¡¡to¡¡Europe¡¡in¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of
Pliny£»¡¡the¡¡expression¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡dependence
upon¡¡what¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡us¡¡so¡¡fragile¡¡and¡¡inefficient¡¡a
substitute¡¡for¡¡real¡¡paper¡¡appears¡¡strange¡£¡¨
Mr¡£¡¡Knight¡¡also¡¡says¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Greek¡¡name¡¡papuros£»
mentioned¡¡by¡¡Theophrastus£»¡¡a¡¡contemporary¡¡of¡¡Aristotle
and¡¡Alexander£»¡¡was¡¡probably¡¡the¡¡Egyptian¡¡name
of¡¡the¡¡reed¡¡with¡¡a¡¡Greek¡¡termination¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡also
called¡¡biblos¡¡by¡¡Homer¡¡and¡¡Herodotus£»¡¡whence¡¡our
term¡¡bible¡£¡¡The¡¡term¡¡volumen£»¡¡a¡¡scroll£»¡¡indicates¡¡the
early¡¡form¡¡of¡¡a¡¡book¡¡of¡¡bark£»¡¡papyrus£»¡¡skin£»¡¡or¡¡parchment£»
as¡¡the¡¡term¡¡liber¡¡£¨Latin£»¡¡a¡¡book£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡inner
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also¡¡our¡¡terms¡¡library¡¡and¡¡librarian¡£¡¡¡¨Book¡¨¡¡is
also¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Danish¡¡word¡¡bog£»¡¡the¡¡bark¡¡of
the¡¡beech¡£
Pliny¡¡quoting¡¡Varro£»¡¡who¡¡preceded¡¡him¡¡some¡¡two
centuries£»¡¡asserts¡¡that¡¡before¡¡the¡¡invention¡¡of¡¡papyrus£»
the¡¡large¡¡leaves¡¡of¡¡certain¡¡plants¡¡were¡¡prepared¡¡so
that¡¡they¡¡could¡¡be¡¡written¡¡upon¡£¡¡Hence¡¡originates
our¡¡term¡¡¡¨leaves¡¨¡¡of¡¡a¡¡book¡¡which¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Latin¡¡form
folium¡¡has¡¡also¡¡given¡¡us¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡term¡¡folio¡£
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which¡¡characters¡¡could¡¡be¡¡inscribed¡¡and¡¡preserved¡¡in
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uses¡¡became¡¡necessary¡£¡¡The¡¡papyrus¡¡plant¡¡seems¡¡to
have¡¡met¡¡every¡¡requirement¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡a¡¡noteworthy¡¡fact
that¡¡all¡¡information¡¡which¡¡can¡¡be¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡any
source£»¡¡specifically¡¡calls¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡papyrus¡¡and
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the¡¡expeditions¡¡of¡¡Alexander¡¡the¡¡Great¡£¡¡This¡¡assertion
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Rome£»¡¡B¡£¡¡C¡£¡¡716¡672£»£©¡¡but¡¡even¡¡at¡¡this¡¡late¡¡day¡¡many
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Alexander's¡¡time¡£
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lead¡¡or¡¡other¡¡metals¡£
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reach¡£
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