女神电子书 > 浪漫言情电子书 > aphorisms >

第1部分

aphorisms-第1部分

小说: aphorisms 字数: 每页4000字

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!









                                     400 BC

                                   APHORISMS

                                 by Hippocrates

                          translated by Francis Adams







                           APHORISMS



  SECTION I



  Life is short; and Art long; the crisis fleeting; experience

perilous; and decision difficult。 The physician must not only be

prepared to do what is right himself; but also to make the patient;

the attendants; and externals cooperate。



  2。 In disorders of the bowels and vomitings; occurring

spontaneously; if the matters purged be such as ought to be purged;

they do good; and are well borne; but if not; the contrary。 And so

artificial evacuations; if they consist of such matters as should be

evacuated; do good; and are well borne; but if not; the contrary。 One;

then; ought to look to the country; the season; the age; and the

diseases in which they are proper or not。



  3。 In the athletae; embonpoint; if carried to its utmost limit; is

dangerous; for they cannot remain in the same state nor be stationary;

and since; then; they can neither remain stationary nor improve; it

only remains for them to get worse; for these reasons the embonpoint

should be reduced without delay; that the body may again have a

commencement of reparation。 Neither should the evacuations; in their

case; be carried to an extreme; for this also is dangerous; but only

to such a point as the person's constitution can endure。 In like

manner; medicinal evacuations; if carried to an extreme; are

dangerous; and again; a restorative course; if in the extreme; is

dangerous。



  4。 A slender restricted diet is always dangerous in chronic

diseases; and also in acute diseases; where it is not requisite。 And

again; a diet brought to the extreme point of attenuation is

dangerous; and repletion; when in the extreme; is also dangerous。



  5。 In a restricted diet; patients who transgress are thereby more

hurt (than in any other?); for every such transgression; whatever it

may be; is followed by greater consequences than in a diet somewhat

more generous。 On this account; a very slender; regulated; and

restricted diet is dangerous to persons in health; because they bear

transgressions of it more difficultly。 For this reason; a slender

and restricted diet is generally more dangerous than one a little more

liberal。



   6。 For extreme diseases; extreme methods of cure; as to

restriction; are most suitable。



  7。 When the disease is very acute; it is attended with extremely

severe symptoms in its first stage; and therefore an extremely

attenuating diet must be used。 When this is not the case; but it is

allowable to give a more generous diet; we may depart as far from

the severity of regimen as the disease; by its mildness; is removed

from the extreme。



  8。 When the disease is at its height; it will then be necessary to

use the most slender diet。



  9。 We must form a particular judgment of the patient; whether he

will support the diet until the acme of the disease; and whether he

will sink previously and not support the diet; or the disease will

give way previously; and become less acute。



  10。 In those cases; then; which attain their acme speedily; a

restricted diet should be enjoined at first; but in those cases

which reach their acme later; we must retrench at that period or a

little before it; but previously we must allow a more generous diet to

support the patient。



  11。 We must retrench during paroxysms; for to exhibit food would

be injurious。 And in all diseases having periodical paroxysms; we must

restrict during the paroxysms。



  12。 The exacerbations and remissions will be indicated by the

diseases; the seasons of the year; the reciprocation of the periods;

whether they occur every day; every alternate day; or after a longer

period; and by the supervening symptoms; as; for example; in pleuritic

cases; expectoration; if it occur at the commencement; shortens the

attack; but if it appear later; it prolongs the same; and in the

same manner the urine; and alvine discharges; and sweats; according as

they appear along with favorable or unfavorable symptoms; indicate

diseases of a short or long duration。



  13。 Old persons endure fasting most easily; next; adults; young

persons not nearly so well; and most especially infants; and of them

such as are of a particularly lively spirit。



  14。 Growing bodies have the most innate heat; they therefore require

the most food; for otherwise their bodies are wasted。 In old persons

the heat is feeble; and therefore they require little fuel; as it

were; to the flame; for it would be extinguished by much。 On this

account; also; fevers in old persons are not equally acute; because

their bodies are cold。



  15。 In winter and spring the bowels are naturally the hottest; and

the sleep most prolonged; at these seasons; then; the most

sustenance is to be administered; for as the belly has then most

innate heat; it stands in need of most food。 The well…known facts with

regard to young persons and the athletae prove this。



  16。 A humid regimen is befitting in all febrile diseases; and

particularly in children; and others accustomed to live on such a

diet。



  17。 We must consider; also; in which cases food is to be given

once or twice a day; and in greater or smaller quantities; and at

intervals。 Something must be conceded to habit; to season; to country;

and to age。



  18。 Invalids bear food worst during summer and autumn; most easily

in winter; and next in spring。



  19。 Neither give nor enjoin anything to persons during periodical

paroxysms; but abstract from the accustomed allowance before the

crisis。



  20。 When things are at the crisis; or when they have just passed it;

neither move the bowels; nor make any innovation in the treatment;

either as regards purgatives or any other such stimulants; but let

things alone。



  21。 Those things which require to be evacuated should be

evacuated; wherever they most tend; by the proper outlets。



  22。 We must purge and move such humors as are concocted; not such as

are unconcocted; unless they are struggling to get out; which is

mostly not the case。



  23。 The evacuations are to be judged of not by their quantity; but

whether they be such as they should be; and how they are borne。 And

when proper to carry the evacuation to deliquium animi; this also

should be done; provided the patient can support it。



  24。 Use purgative medicines sparingly in acute diseases; and at

the commencement; and not without proper circumspection。



  25。 If the matters which are purged be such as should be purged; the

evacuation is beneficial; and easily borne; but; not withstanding;

if otherwise; with difficulty。





  SECTION II。



  1。 In whatever disease sleep is laborious; it is a deadly symptom;

but if sleep does good; it is not deadly。



  2。 When sleep puts an end to delirium; it is a good symptom。



  3。 Both sleep and insomnolency; when immoderate; are bad。



  4。 Neither repletion; nor fasting; nor anything else; is good when

more than natural。



  5。 Spontaneous lassitude indicates disease。



  6。 Persons who have a painful affection in any part of the body; and

are in a great measure sensible of the pain; are disordered in

intellect。



  7。 Those bodies which have been slowly emaciated should be slowly

recruited; and those which have been quickly emaciated should be

quickly recruited。



  8。 When a person after a disease takes food; but does not improve in

strength; it indicates that the body uses more food than is proper;

but if this happen when he does not take food; it is to be

understood evacuation is required。



  9。 When one wishes to purge; he should put the body into a fluent

state。



  10。 Bodies not properly cleansed; the more you nourish the more

you injure。



  11。 It is easier to fill up with drink than with food。



  12。 What remains in diseases after the crisis is apt to produce

relapses。



  13。 Persons in whom a crisis takes place pass the night preceding

the paroxysm uncomfortably; but the succeeding night generally more

comfortably。



  14。 In fluxes of the bowels; a change of the dejections does good;

unless the change be of a bad character。



  15。 When the throat is diseased; or tubercles (phymata) form on

the body; attention must paid to the secretions; for if they be

bilious; the disease affects the general system; but if they

resemble those of a healthy person; it is safe to give nourishing

food。



  16。 When in a state of hunger; one ought not to undertake labor。



  17。 When more food than is proper has been taken; it occasions

disease; this is shown by the treatment。



  18。 From food which proves nourishing to the body either immediately

or shortly; the dejections also are immediate。



  19。 In acute diseases it is not quite safe to prognosticate either

death or recovery。



  20。 Those who have watery discharges from their bowels when young

have dry when they

返回目录 下一页 回到顶部 0 0

你可能喜欢的