a forgotten empire-vijayanagar-第79部分
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＇258＇ Article 〃Vijayanagar〃 in the MADRAS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE MAGAZINE for December 1886。
＇259＇ 〃Bellary District Manual〃 （Kelsall）； p。 231。
＇260＇ 〃South Indian Inscriptions〃 （Hultzsch）； p。 132； and EPIGRAPHIA INDICA； BY the same author； iv。 266。
＇261＇ JOURNAL； BOMBAY BRANCH； ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY； xii。 336； &c。
＇262＇ EPIG。 IND。； i。 398； iv。 p。 3； note 4。
＇263＇ I have broadly declared this relationship； but； as a matter of fact； almost every inscription and literary work in the country differs as to the genealogy of the sovereigns who reigned from this time forward。 Nuniz； however； as a contemporary writer residing at the capital； is an excellent authority。
＇264＇ EPIG。 IND。； iv。 3； note 4 （Professor Kielhorn）。
＇265＇ Scott's edition； i。 252。
＇266＇ These names are discussed below。
＇267＇ This is apparently an error。 The period was only ten years。
＇268＇ 16th Safar； A。H。 941 （Firishtah）。
＇269＇ Firishtah； Briggs； iii。 374 375。
＇270＇ 〃Lists of Antiquities； Madras；〃 vol。 i。 p。 181 （No。 86）； and p。 182 （No。 115）。
＇271＇ Scott's translation； i。 p。 262。
＇272＇ Below； p。 367。
＇273＇ IDEM； p。 354。
＇274＇ Scott； i。 pp。 262 ff。； Briggs； iii。 p。 80。
＇275＇ Briggs has it 〃a daughter of Shew Ray。〃 Rama married a daughter of Krishna Deva； who was son of the first Narasimha。
＇276＇ Inscriptions do not give us the name of any prince of the female line at this period。 Briggs calls the uncle 〃Bhoj〃 Tirumala。 Couto （Dec。 VI。 l。 v。 cap。 5） renders the name as 〃Uche Timma；〃 and states that UCHE means 〃mad。〃
＇277＇ Here we probably find an allusion to the reign of Achyuta。 Rama was the elder of three brothers afterwards to become very famous。 He and his brother Tirumala both married daughters of Krishna Deva Raya。 Achyuta being； in Nuniz's belief； brother of the latter monarch； that chronicler calls these two brothers 〃brothers…in…law〃 of King Achyuta。 （Below； p。 367。） Nuniz says that King Achyuta 〃destroyed the principal people in the kingdom and killed their sons〃 （p。 369）。
＇278＇ Achyuta had then been for about six years on the throne。
＇279＇ If the Sultan's march towards Vijayanagar began in 1535 36； we shall perhaps not be far wrong in assigning Nuniz's chronicle to the year 1536 37； seeing that the author alludes to the dissatisfaction and disgust felt by the nobles and others for their rulers； which presupposes a certain interval to have passed since the departure of the Mussalman army。
＇280＇ Scott's edit。； i。 265。
＇281＇ Scott spells the name 〃Negtaderee；〃 but I have substituted the rendering given by Briggs； 〃Venkatadry；〃 as less confusing。
＇282＇ Firishtah writes glowingly （Scott； i。 277） of the grandeur of Asada Khan。 He 〃was famed for his judgment and wisdom。。。。 For nearly forty years he was the patron and protector of the nobles and distinguished of the Dekhan。 He lived in the highest respect and esteem； with a magnificence and grandeur surpassing all his contemporary nobility。 The sovereigns of Beejanuggur and every country observing a respect to his great abilities； frequently honoured him with letters and valuable presents。 His household servants 。。。 amounted to 250。 He had sixty of the largest elephants and 150 of a smaller size。 In his stables he had 400 horses of Arabia and Persia； exclusive of those…of mixed breed foaled in India。 His treasures and riches were beyond amount；〃 &c。
＇283＇ Firishtah's story of Asada Khan's life is contained in Scott's edition。 i。 pp。 236 278； Briggs； iii。 pp。 45 102。
＇284＇ Dec。 III。 l。 iv。 cap。 5。
＇285＇ Dec。 IV。 l。 vii。 cap。 6。
＇286＇ Turugel is probably Tirakhol； north of Goa。
＇287＇ Couto tells us （Dec。 VII。 l。 vii。 c。 1） that Rama Raya in 1555 made an expedition against the Christian inhabitants of San Thome； near Madras； but retired without doing great harm； and it is quite possible that the king acknowledged no connection between San Thome and Goa。
＇288＇ EPIGRAPHIA INDICA； iii 147。
＇289＇ EPIGRAPHIA CARNATICA （Rice）； Part i。 p。 176； No。 120。
＇290＇ I have published a rough list of eighty…eight of these； eighty…four of which are dated； in my 〃Lists of Antiquities； Madras〃 （vol。 ii。 p。 134 ff。）。
＇291＇ South Indian Inscriptions；〃 vol。 i。 p。 70。
＇292＇ Dec。 VI。 l。 v。 cap。 5。
＇293＇ 〃Tetarao；〃 〃Ramygupa；〃 and 〃Ouamysyuaya〃 （text； below； p。 314）。
＇294＇ Page 108。
＇295＇ Dec。 VI。 l。 v。 cap。 5。
＇296＇ EPIG。 IND。； iii。 236。
＇297＇ Firishtah （Scott； i。 252） states that Rama Raya 〃married a daughter of the son of Seoroy； by that alliance greatly adding to his influence and power。〃 If so； 〃Seoroy〃 must be the first Narasa The historian says that 〃Seoroy dying was succeeded by his son； a minor； who did not live long after him； and left the throne to a younger brother。〃 These brothers； then； were the second Narasa； called also Vira Narasimha； and Krishna Deva。 The rest of Firishtah's account does not tally with our other sources of information。 As being son…in…law of Krishna Deva； Rama was called 〃Aliya；〃 which means 〃son…in…law；〃 and by this name he is constantly known。
＇298＇ IND。 ANT。； xiii。 154。
＇299＇ Vol。 iv。 pp。 247 249； 276 282。
＇300＇ See the pedigree above。 The young son would be Venkata； and the uncle； Ranga。
＇301＇ Who all these were we do not know。 The boy Venkata's uncles would be either brothers of Ranga or brothers of the queen…mother； widow of Achyuta。 Achyuta's nephew referred to could not be Sadasiva； because he survived。 He may have been nephew of the Rani。 The assassination of the boy…king recalls to our minds the story of Firishtah of the murder of the infant prince by 〃Hoje〃 Tirumala。
＇302＇ Sister； that is； of Krishna Deva。 As above stated； Rama Raya； for undoubtedly he is here referred to； married Krishna Deva's daughter； not sister； so far as we can gather。
＇303＇ Caesar Frederick states that Rama and his two brothers； of whom Tirumala was minister and Venkatadri commander…in…chief； kept the rightful kings prisoners for thirty years prior to their downfall in 1565。 If so； this would include the reign of Achyuta； and the story would differ from that of Nuniz； who represents King Achyuta as free but subject to the malign influence of his 〃two brothers…in…law。〃 These two may； perhaps； represent Rama and Tirumala； who are said to have married two daughters of Krishna Deva。 They would； however； not have been really brothers…in…law of Achyuta。
＇304＇ Senhor Lopes； DOS REIS DE BISNAGA； Introduction； p。 lxix。
＇305＇ Firishtah （Scott； i。 271）。
＇306＇ So Firishtah。 The Muhammadan historian of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golkonda； translated by Briggs； tells this story of Quli Qutb Shah； Jamshid's predecessor （Firishtah； Briggs； iii。 371）。
＇307＇ The terms of this treaty are interesting； as they throw much light on the political and commercial relations of the Portuguese at this period with the two great states their neighbours。
The contracting parties are stated to be the king of Portugal by his deputy； the captain…general and governor of Goa； Dom Joao de Castro； and the great and powerful King Sadasiva； king of Bisnaga。
（A） Each party to be friends of the friends； and enemy of the enemies； of the other； and； when called on； to help the other with all their forces against all kings and lords in India； the Nizam Shah always excepted。
（B） The governor of Goa will allow all Arab and Persian horses landed at Goa to be purchased by the king of Vijayanagar on due notice and proper payment； none being permitted to be sent to Bijapur。
（C） The king of Vijayanagar will compel all merchants in his kingdom trading with the coast to send their goods through ports where the Portuguese have factors； permitting none to proceed to Bijapur ports。
（D） The king of Vijayanagar will forbid the importation of saltpetre and iron into his kingdom from any Bijapur port； and will compel its purchase from Portuguese factors。
（E） The same with cloths； copper； tin； China silk； &c。
（F） The king of Vijayanagar will allow no Moorish ship or fleet to stop in his ports； and if any should come he will capture them and send them to Goa。 Both parties agree； to wage war on the Adil Shah； and all territory taken from the latter shall belong to Vijayanagar； except lands on the west of the Ghats from Banda on the north to Cintacora on the south； which lands shall belong to the king of Portugal。
＇308＇ Muharram； A。H。 956。 But the Portuguese records state that Asada Khan died in 1545 （Danvers； i。 465）。
＇309＇ Danvers' 〃Portuguese in India；〃 i。 465； 466。
＇310＇ Briggs； iii。 328。
＇311＇ Below； p。 383。
＇312＇ Briggs' 〃Firishtah；〃 iii。 397； &c。
＇313＇ Senhor Lopes has recently found amongst the archives in the Torre do Tombo in Lisbon a paper； dated 1555 A。D。； which states that the king of Vijayanagar had consented to aid Ibrahim Adil Shah against Ain…ul…Mulkh and 〃the Meale〃 （I。E。 Prince Abdullah； called 〃Meale Khan〃 by the Portuguese）； in return for a present of 700；000 pardaos （CORPO CHRONOLOGICO； Part i。； packet 97； No。 40）。
＇314＇ Scott's edit。； i。 284。
＇315＇ The Muhammadans seem to have always treated Rama Rajah as king。 Sadasiva was perhaps too young at that period to have had a son； and the allusion is probably to a son of Rama。
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