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which　now　desolates　the　land　may　be　but　a　punishment　inflicted　upon

us　for　our　presumptuous　sins；　to　the　needful　end　of　our　national

reformation　as　a　whole　people？　　We　have　been　the　recipients　of　the

choicest　bounties　of　Heaven。　　We　have　been　preserved；　these　many

years；　in　peace　and　prosperity。　　We　have　grown　in　numbers；　wealth；

and　power　as　no　other　nation　has　ever　grown；　but　we　have　forgotten

God。　We　have　forgotten　the　gracious　hand　which　preserved　us　in　peace；

and　multiplied　and　enriched　and　strengthened　us；　and　we　have　vainly

imagined；　in　the　deceitfulness　of　our　hearts；　that　all　these

blessings　were　produced　by　some　superior　wisdom　and　virtue　of　our

own。　　Intoxicated　with　unbroken　success；　we　have　become　too　self…

sufficient　to　feel　the　necessity　of　redeeming　and　preserving　grace；

too　proud　to　pray　to　the　God　that　made　us：



It　behooves　us；　then；　to　humble　ourselves　before　the　offended　Power；

to　confess　our　national　sins；　and　to　pray　for　clemency　and

forgiveness：



Now；　therefore；　in　compliance　with　the　request；　and　fully　concurring

in　the　views；　of　the　Senate；　I　do　by　this　my　proclamation　designate

and　set　apart　Thursday；　the　30th　day　of　April；　1863；　as　a　day　of

national　humiliation；　fasting；　and　prayer。　And　I　do　hereby　request

all　the　people　to　abstain　on　that　day　from　their　ordinary　secular

pursuits；　and　to　unite　at　their　several　places　of　public　worship　and

their　respective　homes　in　keeping　the　day　holy　to　the　Lord；　and

devoted　to　the　humble　discharge　of　the　religious　duties　proper　to

that　solemn　occasion。　　All　this　being　done　in　sincerity　and　truth；

let　us　then　rest　humbly　in　the　hope；　authorized　by　the　divine

teachings；　that　the　united　cry　of　the　nation　will　be　heard　on　high；

and　answered　with　blessings　no　less　than　the　pardon　of　our　national

sins；　and　the　restoration　of　our　now　divided　and　suffering　country　to

its　former　happy　condition　of　unity　and　peace。



In　witness　whereof；　I　have　hereunto　set　my　hand；　and　caused　the　seal

of　the　United　States　to　be　affixed。



Done　at　the　city　of　Washington；　this　thirtieth　day　of　March；　in　the

year　of　our　Lord　one　thousand　eight　hundred　and　sixty…three；　and　of

the　independence　of　the　United　States　the　eighty…seventh。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。



By　the　President：

WILLIAM　H。　SEWARD；

Secretary　of　State。









LICENSE　OF　COMMERCIAL　INTERCOURSE。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；

March　31；　1863。



Whereas　by　the　act　of　Congress　approved　July　13；　1861；　entitled　〃An

act　to　provide　for　the　collection　of　duties　on　imports；　and　for　other

purposes；〃　all　commercial　intercourse　between　the　inhabitants　of　such

States　as　should　by　proclamation　be　declared　in　insurrection　against

the　United　States　and　the　citizens　of　the　rest　of　the　United　States

was　prohibited　so　long　as　such　condition　of　hostility　should

continue；　except　as　the　same　shall　be　licensed　and　permitted　by　the

President　to　be　conducted　and　carried　on　only　in　pursuance　of　rules

and　regulations　prescribed　by　the　Secretary　of　the　Treasury；　and：



Whereas　it　appears　that　a　partial　restoration　of　such　intercourse

between　the　inhabitants　of　sundry　places　and　sections　heretofore

declared　in　insurrection　in　pursuance　of　said　act　and　the　citizens　of

the　rest　of　the　United　States　will　favorably　affect　the　public

interests：



Now；　therefore；　I；　Abraham　Lincoln；　President　of　the　United　States；

exercising　the　authority　and　discretion　confided　to　me　by　the　said

act　of　Congress；　do　hereby　license　and　permit　such　commercial

intercourse　between　the　citizens　of　loyal　States　and　the　inhabitants

of　such　insurrectionary　States　in　the　cases　and　under　the

restrictions　described　and　expressed　in　the　regulations　prescribed　by

the　Secretary　of　the　Treasury　bearing　even　date　with　these　presents；

or　in　such　other　regulations　as　he　may　hereafter；　with　my　approval；

prescribe。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









TO　GENERAL　D。　HUNTER。



（Private。）

EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；　D。　C

April　1；　1863。



MAJOR…GENERAL　HUNTER。



MY　DEAR　SIR：I　am　glad　to　see　the　accounts　of　your　colored　force　at

Jacksonville；　Florida。　　I　see　the　enemy　are　driving　at　them　fiercely；

as　is　to　be　expected。　　It　is　important　to　the　enemy　that　such　a　force

shall　not　take　shape　and　grow　and　thrive　in　the　South；　and　in

precisely　the　same　proportion　it　is　important　to　us　that　it　shall。

Hence　the　utmost　caution　and　vigilance　is　necessary　on　our　part。　　The

enemy　will　make　extra　efforts　to　destroy　them；　and　we　should　do　the

same　to　preserve　and　increase　them。



Yours　truly；



A。　LINCOLN。









PROCLAMATION　ABOUT　COMMERCIAL　INTERCOURSE；

APRIL　2；　1863



BY　THE　PRESIDENT　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES

OF　AMERICA：



A　Proclamation。



Whereas；　in　pursuance　of　the　act　of　Congress　approved　July　13；　1861；

I　did；　by　proclamation　dated　August　16；　1861；　declare　that　the

inhabitants　of　the　States　of　Georgia；　South　Carolina；　Virginia；　North

Carolina；　Tennessee；　Alabama；　Louisiana；　Texas；　Arkansas；

Mississippi；　and　Florida　（except　the　inhabitants　of　that　part　of

Virginia　lying　west　of　the　Alleghany　Mountains；　and　of　such　other

parts　of　that　State　and　the　other　States　hereinbefore　named　as　might

maintain　a　legal　adhesion　to　the　Union　and　the　Constitution　or　might

be　from　time　to　time　occupied　and　controlled　by　forces　of　the　United

States　engaged　in　the　dispersion　of　said　insurgents）　were　in　a　state

of　insurrection　against　the　United　States；　and　that　all　commercial

intercourse　between　the　same　and　the　inhabitants　thereof；　with　the

exceptions　aforesaid；　and　the　citizens　of　other　States　and　other

parts　of　the　United　States　was　unlawful　and　would　remain　unlawful

until　such　insurrection　should　cease　or　be　suppressed；　and　that　all

goods　and　chattels；　wares　and　merchandise；　coming　from　any　of　said

States；　with　the　exceptions　aforesaid；　into　other　parts　of　the　United

States　without　the　license　and　permission　of　the　President；　through

the　Secretary　of　the　Treasury；　or　proceeding　to　any　of　said　States；

with　the　exceptions　aforesaid；　by　land　or　water；　together　with　the

vessel　or　vehicle　conveying　the　same　to　or　from　said　States；　with　the

exceptions　aforesaid；　would　be　forfeited　to　the　United　States；　and：



Whereas　experience　has　shown　that　the　exceptions　made　in　and　by　said

proclamation　embarrass　the　due　enforcement　of　said　act　of　July　13；

1861；　and　the　proper　regulation　of　the　commercial　intercourse

authorized　by　said　act　with　the　loyal　citizens　of　said　States：



Now；　therefore；　I；　Abraham　Lincoln；　President　of　the　United　States；

do　hereby　revoke　the　said　exceptions；　and　declare　that　the

inhabitants　of　the　States　of　Georgia；　South　Carolina；　North　Carolina；

Tennessee；　Alabama；　Louisiana；　Texas；　Arkansas；　Mississippi；　Florida；

and　Virginia　（except　the　forty…eight　counties　of　Virginia　designated

as　West　Virginia；　and　except　also　the　ports　of　New　Orleans；　Key　West；

Port　Royal；　and　Beaufort　in　North　Carolina）　are　in　a　state　of

insurrection　against　the　United　States；　and　that　all　commercial

intercourse　not　licensed　and　conducted　as　provided　in　said　act

between　the　said　States　and　the　inhabitants　thereof；　with　the

exceptions　aforesaid；　and　the　citizens　of　other　States　and　other

parts　of　the　United　States　is　unlawful　and　will　remain　unlawful　until

such　insurrection　shall　cease　or　has　been　suppressed　and　notice

thereof　has　been　duly　given　by　proclamation；　and　all　cotton；　tobacco；

and　other　products；　and　all　other　goods　and　chattels；　wares　and

merchandise；　coming　from　any　of　said　States；　with　the　exceptions

aforesaid；　into　other　parts　of　the　United　States；　or　proceeding　to

any　of　said　States；　with　the　exceptions　aforesaid；　without　the

license　and　permission　of　the　President；　through　the　Secretary　of　the

Treasury；　will　together　with　the　vessel　or　vehicle　conveying　the

same；　be　forfeited　to　the　United　States。



In　witness　whereof　I　have　hereunto　set　my　hand　and　caused　the　seal　of

the　United　States　to　be　affixed。



Done　at　the　city　of　Washington；　this　second　day　of　April；　A。D。　1863；

and　of　the　independence　of　the　United　States　of　America　the

eighty…seventh。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。



By　the　President：

WILLIAM　H。　SEWARD；

Secretary　of　State。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　HOOKER。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；

April　3；　1863。



MAJOR…GENERAL　HOOKER：



Our　plan　is　to　pass　Saturday　night　on　the　boat；　go　over　from　Aquia

Creek　to　your　camp　Sunday　morning；　remain　with　you　till　Tuesday

morning；　and　then　return。　Our　party　will　probably　not　exceed　six

persons　of　all　sorts。



A。　LINCOLN。









OPINION　ON　HARBOR　DEFENSE。



April　4；　1863。



On　this　general　subject　I　respectfully　refer　Mr。________　to　the

Secretaries　of　War　and　Navy　for　conference　and　consultation。　　I　have

a　single　idea　of　my　own　about　harbor　defense。　　It　is　a　steam　ram；

built　so　as　to　sacrifice　nearly　all　capacity　for　carrying　to　those　of

speed　and　strength；　s