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authority; or proclaim a new religion with the sound of trumpets; 

if you will; but here is a man who has his own thoughts; and will 

stubbornly adhere to them in good and evil。  He is a Catholic; a 

Protestant; or a Plymouth Brother; in the same indefeasible sense 

that a man is not a woman; or a woman not a man。  For he could not 

vary from his faith; unless he could eradicate all memory of the 

past; and; in a strict and not a conventional meaning; change his 

mind。







THE HEART OF THE COUNTRY







I WAS now drawing near to Cassagnas; a cluster of black roofs upon 

the hillside; in this wild valley; among chestnut gardens; and 

looked upon in the clear air by many rocky peaks。  The road along 

the Mimente is yet new; nor have the mountaineers recovered their 

surprise when the first cart arrived at Cassagnas。  But although it 

lay thus apart from the current of men's business; this hamlet had 

already made a figure in the history of France。  Hard by; in 

caverns of the mountain; was one of the five arsenals of the 

Camisards; where they laid up clothes and corn and arms against 

necessity; forged bayonets and sabres; and made themselves 

gunpowder with willow charcoal and saltpetre boiled in kettles。  To 

the same caves; amid this multifarious industry; the sick and 

wounded were brought up to heal; and there they were visited by the 

two surgeons; Chabrier and Tavan; and secretly nursed by women of 

the neighbourhood。



Of the five legions into which the Camisards were divided; it was 

the oldest and the most obscure that had its magazines by 

Cassagnas。  This was the band of Spirit Seguier; men who had joined 

their voices with his in the 68th Psalm as they marched down by 

night on the archpriest of the Cevennes。  Seguier; promoted to 

heaven; was succeeded by Salomon Couderc; whom Cavalier treats in 

his memoirs as chaplain…general to the whole army of the Camisards。  

He was a prophet; a great reader of the heart; who admitted people 

to the sacrament or refused them; by 'intensively viewing every 

man' between the eyes; and had the most of the Scriptures off by 

rote。  And this was surely happy; since in a surprise in August 

1703; he lost his mule; his portfolios; and his Bible。  It is only 

strange that they were not surprised more often and more 

effectually; for this legion of Cassagnas was truly patriarchal in 

its theory of war; and camped without sentries; leaving that duty 

to the angels of the God for whom they fought。  This is a token; 

not only of their faith; but of the trackless country where they 

harboured。  M。 de Caladon; taking a stroll one fine day; walked 

without warning into their midst; as he might have walked into 'a 

flock of sheep in a plain;' and found some asleep and some awake 

and psalm…singing。  A traitor had need of no recommendation to 

insinuate himself among their ranks; beyond 'his faculty of singing 

psalms'; and even the prophet Salomon 'took him into a particular 

friendship。'  Thus; among their intricate hills; the rustic troop 

subsisted; and history can attribute few exploits to them but 

sacraments and ecstasies。



People of this tough and simple stock will not; as I have just been 

saying; prove variable in religion; nor will they get nearer to 

apostasy than a mere external conformity like that of Naaman in the 

house of Rimmon。  When Louis XVI。; in the words of the edict; 

'convinced by the uselessness of a century of persecutions; and 

rather from necessity than sympathy;' granted at last a royal grace 

of toleration; Cassagnas was still Protestant; and to a man; it is 

so to this day。  There is; indeed; one family that is not 

Protestant; but neither is it Catholic。  It is that of a Catholic 

CURE in revolt; who has taken to his bosom a schoolmistress。  And 

his conduct; it is worth noting; is disapproved by the Protestant 

villagers。



'It is a bad idea for a man;' said one; 'to go back from his 

engagements。'



The villagers whom I saw seemed intelligent after a countrified 

fashion; and were all plain and dignified in manner。  As a 

Protestant myself; I was well looked upon; and my acquaintance with 

history gained me further respect。  For we had something not unlike 

a religious controversy at table; a gendarme and a merchant with 

whom I dined being both strangers to the place; and Catholics。  The 

young men of the house stood round and supported me; and the whole 

discussion was tolerantly conducted; and surprised a man brought up 

among the infinitesimal and contentious differences of Scotland。  

The merchant; indeed; grew a little warm; and was far less pleased 

than some others with my historical acquirements。  But the gendarme 

was mighty easy over it all。



'It's a bad idea for a man to change;' said he; and the remark was 

generally applauded。



That was not the opinion of the priest and soldier at Our Lady of 

the Snows。  But this is a different race; and perhaps the same 

great…heartedness that upheld them to resist; now enables them to 

differ in a kind spirit。  For courage respects courage; but where a 

faith has been trodden out; we may look for a mean and narrow 

population。  The true work of Bruce and Wallace was the union of 

the nations; not that they should stand apart a while longer; 

skirmishing upon their borders; but that; when the time came; they 

might unite with self…respect。



The merchant was much interested in my journey; and thought it 

dangerous to sleep afield。



'There are the wolves;' said he; 'and then it is known you are an 

Englishman。  The English have always long purses; and it might very 

well enter into some one's head to deal you an ill blow some 

night。'



I told him I was not much afraid of such accidents; and at any rate 

judged it unwise to dwell upon alarms or consider small perils in 

the arrangement of life。  Life itself; I submitted; was a far too 

risky business as a whole to make each additional particular of 

danger worth regard。  'Something;' said I; 'might burst in your 

inside any day of the week; and there would be an end of you; if 

you were locked into your room with three turns of the key。'



'CEPENDANT;' said he; 'COUCHER DEHORS!'



'God;' said I; 'is everywhere。'



'CEPENDANT; COUCHER DEHORS!' he repeated; and his voice was 

eloquent of terror。



He was the only person; in all my voyage; who saw anything hardy in 

so simple a proceeding; although many considered it superfluous。  

Only one; on the other hand; professed much delight in the idea; 

and that was my Plymouth Brother; who cried out; when I told him I 

sometimes preferred sleeping under the stars to a close and noisy 

ale…house; 'Now I see that you know the Lord!'



The merchant asked me for one of my cards as I was leaving; for he 

said I should be something to talk of in the future; and desired me 

to make a note of his request and reason; a desire with which I 

have thus complied。



A little after two I struck across the Mimente; and took a rugged 

path southward up a hillside covered with loose stones and tufts of 

heather。  At the top; as is the habit of the country; the path 

disappeared; and I left my she…ass munching heather; and went 

forward alone to seek a road。



I was now on the separation of two vast water…sheds; behind me all 

the streams were bound for the Garonne and the Western Ocean; 

before me was the basin of the Rhone。  Hence; as from the Lozere; 

you can see in clear weather the shining of the Gulf of Lyons; and 

perhaps from here the soldiers of Salomon may have watched for the 

topsails of Sir Cloudesley Shovel; and the long…promised aid from 

England。  You may take this ridge as lying in the heart of the 

country of the Camisards; four of the five legions camped all round 

it and almost within view … Salomon and Joani to the north; 

Castanet and Roland to the south; and when Julien had finished his 

famous work; the devastation of the High Cevennes; which lasted all 

through October and November 1703; and during which four hundred 

and sixty villages and hamlets were; with fire and pickaxe; utterly 

subverted; a man standing on this eminence would have looked forth 

upon a silent; smokeless; and dispeopled land。  Time and man's 

activity have now repaired these ruins; Cassagnas is once more 

roofed and sending up domestic smoke; and in the chestnut gardens; 

in low and leafy corners; many a prosperous farmer returns; when 

the day's work is done; to his children and bright hearth。  And 

still it was perhaps the wildest view of all my journey。  Peak upon 

peak; chain upon chain of hills ran surging southward; channelled 

and sculptured by the winter streams; feathered from head to foot 

with chestnuts; and here and there breaking out into a coronal of 

cliffs。  The sun; which was still far from setting; sent a drift of 

misty gold across the hill…tops; but the valley

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