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evils that must make it forever inexpedient。              The readers of Mr。 Matthew 

Arnold's works must have noticed the emphasis with which he dwells on 



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                                       〃The Altruist in Politics〃 



the    instinct    of  expansion      as   a  factor    in  human      progress。      It   is  the 

refutation alike of communism and socialism that they thwart the instinct 

of expansion; that they substitute for individual energy the energy of the 

government;         that   they    substitute     for    human      personality      the   blind; 

mechanical power of the State。               The one system; as the other; marks the 

end   of   individualism。        The   one   system;   as   the   other;   would   make   each 

man the image of his neighbor。              The one system; as the other; would hold 

back   the   progressive;   and;   by   uniformity   of   reward;   gain   uniformity   of 

type。 

     I can look forward to no blissful prospect for a race of men that; under 

the dominion of the State; at the cost of all freedom of action; at the cost; 

indeed; of their own true selves; shall enjoy; if one will; a fair abundance 

of   the   material   blessings   of   life。    Some   Matthew   Arnold   of   the   future 

would inevitably say of them in phase like that applied to the Puritans of 

old: 〃They  entered   the   prison   of   socialism  and   had the   key  turned   upon 

their   spirit   there   for   hundreds   of   years。〃    Into   that   prison   of   socialism; 

with   broken   enterprise   and   broken energy;  as   serfs   under  the  mastery  of 

the State; while human personality is preferred to unreasoning mechanism; 

mankind must hesitate to step。             When they shall once have entered within 

it; when the key shall have been turned upon their spirit and have confined 

them in narrower straits than even Puritanism could have done; it will be 

left for them to find; in their blind obedience and passive submission; the 

recompense for the singleness of character; the foresight; and the energy; 

that they have left behind them。 

     In   almost   every   phase   of   life;   this   doctrine   of   political   altruists   is 

equally impracticable and pernicious。                In its social results; it involves the 

substitution   of   the   community   in   the   family's   present   position。            In   its 

political   aspects;  it   involves   the   absolute dominion   of the   State over   the 

actions   and   property   of   its   subjects。       Thus;   though   claiming   to   be   an 

exaltation   of   the   so…called   natural   rights   of   liberty   and   equality;   it   is   in 

reality their emphatic debasement。               It teaches that thoughtless docility is 

a   recompense   for   stunted   enterprise。         It   magnifies   material   good   at   the 

cost   of   every   rational   endowment。         It   inculcates   a   self…denial   that   must 

result in dwarfing the individual to a mere instrument in the hands of the 



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                                        〃The Altruist in Politics〃 



State for the benefit of his fellows。              No such organization of society…no 

organization that fails to take note of the fact that man must have scope for 

the   exercise   and      development   of   his      faculties…no   such   organization   of 

society     can    ever   reach    a   permanent       success。    However       beneficent      its 

motives; the hypothesis with which it starts can never be realized。                           The 

aphorism of Emerson; 〃Churches have been built; not upon principles; but 

upon tropes;〃 is as true in the field of politics as it is in the field of religion。 

In a like figurative spirit; the followers of communism have reared their 

edifice; and; looking back upon the finished structure; seeking to discern 

the base on which it rests; the critic finds; not principles; but tropes。                     The 

builders   have   appealed   to   a   future   that   has   no   warrant   in   the   past;   and 

fixing their gaze upon the distant dreamland; captivated by the vision there 

beheld;   entranced   by   its   ideal   effulgence;   their   eyes   were   blinded   to   the 

real   conditions   of   the   human   problem  they  had   set   before   them。            Their 

enemies   have   not   been   slow   to   note   such   weakness   and   mistake;   and 

perhaps it may serve to clear up misconceptions; perhaps it may serve to 

lessen cant and open the way for fresh and vigorous thought; if we shall 

once   convince   ourselves   that   altruism  cannot   be   the   rule   of   life;   that   its 

logical   result   is   the dwarfing   of   the   individual   man;   and   that   not   by  the 

death of human personality can we hope to banish the evils of our day; and 

to realize the ideal of all existence; a nobler or purer life。 



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