a study of bible-第39部分
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f the religious nature； when they shall have suppressed the need of communication； no matter how vague； with a supreme power in the universe； when the ties which bind men of similar modes of thought in the various religious organizations shall be dissolved； when men； instead of meeting their fellow…men in assemblages for public worship which give them a sense of brotherhood； shall lounge at home or in clubs； when men and women； instead of bringing themselves at stated periods into an atmosphere of prayer； praise； and aspiration； to hear the discussion of higher spiritual themes； to be stirred by appeals to their nobler nature in behalf of faith； hope； and charity； and to be moved by a closer realization of the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man； shall stay at home and give their thoughts to the Sunday papers； or to the conduct of their business； or to the languid search for some refuge from boredom。〃＇1＇ Those are wise； strong words； and they sustain to the full what has been urged； that these times still need the religious influence of the Bible。
＇1＇ Autobiography； vol。 ii； p。 570。
The influence of the Bible on the literary； moral； and religious life of the times is already apparent。 But that influence needs to be constantly strengthened。 There remains； therefore； to suggest some methods of giving the Bible increasing power。 It should be recognized first and last that only thoughtful people will do it。 No help will come from careless people。 Moreover； only people who believe in the common folk will do it。 Those who are aristocrats in the sense that they do not believe that common people can be trusted will not concern themselves to increase the power of the Bible。 But for those who are thoughtful and essentially democratic the duty is a very plain one。 There are four great agencies which may well magnify the Bible and whose influence will bring the Bible into increasing power in national life。
First among these； of course； must be the Church。 The accent which it will place on the Bible will naturally be on its religious value； though its moral value will take a close second place。 It is essential for the Church to hold itself true to its religious foundations。 Only men who have some position of leadership can realize the immense pressure that is on to…day to draw the Church into forms of activity and methods of service which are much to be commended； but which have to be constantly guarded lest they deprive it of power and concern in the things which are peculiar to its own life and which it and it alone can contribute to the public good。 The Church needs to develop for itself far better methods of instruction in the Bible； so that it may as far as possible drill those who come under its influence in the knowledge of the Bible for its distinctive religious value。 This is neither the time nor the place for a full statement of that responsibility。 It is enough to see how the very logic of the life of the Church requires that it return with renewed energy to its magnifying and teaching of the Bible。
The second agency which may be called upon is the press。 The accent of the press will be on the moral value of the Bible； the service which its teaching renders to the national and personal life。 There seems to be a hopeful returning tendency to allusions to the Scripture in newspaper and magazine publications。 It is rare to find among the higher…level newspapers an editorial page； where the most thoughtful writing appears； in which on any day there do not appear Scripture allusions or references。 When that is seriously done； when Scripture is used for some other purpose than to point a jest； it helps to restore the Bible to its place in public thought。 In recent years there has been a noticeable return of the greater magazines to consideration of the moral phases of the Scripture。 That has been inevitably connected with the development of a social sense which condemns men for their evil courses because of their damage to society。 The Old Testament prophets are living their lives again in these days； and the more thoughtful men are being driven back to them for the great principles on which they may live safely。
The third agency which needs to magnify the Bible is the school。 The accent which it will choose will naturally be the literary value of the Bible； though it will not overlook its moral value as well。 Incidental references heretofore have suggested the importance of religion in a democracy。 But there are none of the great branches of the teaching of the schools； public or private； which do not involve the Bible。 It is impossible to teach history fairly and fully without a frank recognition of the influence of the Bible。 Study the Reformation； the Puritan movement； the Pilgrim journeys； the whole of early American history！ We can leave the Bible out only by trifling with the facts。 Certainly literature cannot be taught without it。 And if it is the purpose of the schools to develop character and moral life； then there is high authority for saying that the Bible ought to have place。
Forty years ago Mr。 Huxley； in his essay on 〃The School Boards： What They Can Do； and What They May Do；〃 laid a broad foundation for thinking at this point； and his words bear quoting at some length： 〃I have always been strongly in favor of secular education； in the sense of education without theology； but I must confess I have been no less seriously perplexed to know by what practical measures the religious feeling； which is the essential basis of conduct； was to be kept up； in the present utterly chaotic state of opinion on these matters； without the use of the Bible。 The pagan moralists lack life and color； and even the noble stoic； Marcus Aurelius Antoninus； is too high and refined for an ordinary child。 Take the Bible as a whole； make the severest deductions which fair criticism can dictate for shortcomings and positive errors； eliminate； as a sensible lay teacher would do if left to himself； all that is not desirable for children to occupy themselves with； and there still remains in this old literature a vast residuum of moral beauty and grandeur。 And then consider the great historical fact that； for three centuries； this Book has been woven into the life of all that is best and noblest in English history； that it has become the national epic of Britain； and is as familiar to noble and simple； from John…o'…Groat's House to Land's End； as Dante and Tasso once were to the Italians； that it is written in the noblest and purest English； and abounds in exquisite beauties of mere literary form； and； finally； that it forbids the veriest hind who never left his village to be ignorant of the existence of other countries and other civilizations； and of a great past； stretching back to the furthest limits of the oldest nations of the world。 By the study of what other book could children be so much humanized and made to feel that each figure in that vast historical procession fills； like themselves； but a momentary space in the interval between two eternities； and earns the blessings or the curses of all time； according to its effort to do good and hate evil； even as they also are earning their payment for their work？ On the whole； then； I am in favor of reading the Bible； with such grammatical； geographical； and historical explanations by a lay teacher as may be needful； with rigid exclusion of any further theological teaching than that contained in the Bible itself。〃 Mr。 Huxley is an Englishman； though； as Professor Moulton says； 〃We divide him between England and America。〃 But Professor Moulton himself is very urgent in this same matter。 If the classics of Greece and Rome are in the nature of ancestral literature； an equal position belongs to the literature of the Bible。 〃If our intellect and imagination have been formed by Greece； have we not in similar fashion drawn our moral and emotional training from Hebrew thought？〃 It is one of the curiosities of our civilization that we are content to go for our liberal education to literatures which morally are at opposite poles from ourselves； literatures in which the most exalted tone is often an apotheosis of the sensuous； which degrade divinity； not only to the human level； but to the lowest level of humanity。 〃It is surely good that our youth during the formative period should have displayed to them； in a literary dress as brilliant as that of Greek literature； a people dominated by an utter passion for righteousness； a people whose ideas of purity； of infinite good； of universal order； of faith in the irresistible downfall of moral evil； moved to a poetic passion as fervid and speech as musical as when Sappho sang of love or Eschylus thundered his deep notes of destiny。〃＇1＇
＇1＇ Literary Study of the Bible； passim。
But there is a leading American voice which will speak in that behalf； in President Nicholas Murray Butler； of Columbia University。 In his address as President of the National Educational Association； President Butler makes strong plea for the reading of the Bible even in public schools。 〃His reason had no connection with religion。 It was based on altogether different ground。 He regarded an acquaintance with the Bible as absolutely indispensable to the proper underst
